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Haematology > Review week 2 > Flashcards

Review week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What commonly activate lymphocytes?

A

EBV
HIV
Any other-viral URTI e.g. RSV, influenza etc.

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2
Q

Explain EBV?

A

Infects epithelial and B-lymohocytes
Generalised T-cell reaction
EBV serology needed

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3
Q

What does glandular fever cause?

A

Tonsillar exudate and lymphadenopathy

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4
Q

What happens when EBV is mistaken for tonsilitis and amoxycillin is given?

A

Amoxycillin-induced rash

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5
Q

What are causes of regional lymohadenopathy?

A

Bacterial abscess

Met cancer - first spreads to regional nodes

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6
Q

What are causes of generalised lymphadenopathy?

A

Viral infection
Connective tissue disorders / RA / sarcoidosis
Lymphoid malignancy e.g. lymphoma
Met cancer

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7
Q

What are the differentials for Neutrophilia?

A 
Bacterial infection
Inflam e.g. RA
Trauma/Post op
Corticosteroids
Myeloproliferative disease
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8
Q

What are differentials for Lymphocytosis?

A

Viral infection
Childhood response to infection
Chronic lymohocytic Leukaemia (smear cells)

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9
Q

With a Leucoerythroblastic blood picture, what are features of marrow infiltration?

A

Lymphoma
Non haemopoietic malignancies
Fibrosis

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10
Q

With a Leucoerythroblastic blood picture, what are features of marrow stress?

A

Sepsis
Severe bleeding
Shock

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11
Q

What are the 5 year survival rates for Hodgkins?

A

Stage 1 = 90%
Stage 2 = 80%
Stage 3 = 70%
Stage 4 = 50%

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12
Q

What are 2 ways of staging?

A

CT

PET

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13
Q

What does pancytopenia?

A

Anaemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia

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14
Q

What are immediate general side effects of cytotoxic drugs?

A

Bone marrow suppression
Gut mucosal damage
Hair loss (alopecia)

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15
Q

What are consequences of bone marrow failure?

A

Anaemia
Neutropenia - infection
Bleeding

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16
Q

What are causes of pancytopenia from an increased destruction point of view?

A

Sepsis
Hypersplenism
Immune

17
Q

What are causes of pancytopenia from a decreased production point of view?

A 
Infiltration
B12/folate deficiency
Drugs
Myelodysplasia
Aplastic anaemia
18
Q

What can cause bone marrow to be hypocellular?

A

Drug induced aplasia e.g. cytotoxics

Aplastic anaemia

19
Q

What can cause bone marrow to be hypercellular?

A

Infiltration
Normal cells: Peripheral destruction
Sepsis
Hypersplenism

20
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Immune response

Removal of effete red cells

21
Q

What system is the spleen part of?

A

Reticuloendothelial

22
Q

What can be treated by a splenectomy?

A

ITP

AIHA

23
Q

What is the spleen necessary for?

A

Immunity to encapsulated organisms and malaria

24
Q

What needs to be done following a splenectomy?

A

Vaccinate for meningococcus, pneumococcus and haemophilus influenzae
Prophylactic antibiotics
Prompt antibiotics in event of a fever

Haematology (27 decks)

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