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Haematology > Review 1 > Flashcards

Review 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Miscallenous causes of anaemia?

A

Alcohol
Liver disease
hypothyroidism

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2
Q

What are physiological causes of anaemia?

A

Pregnancy
Neonatal
Reticulocytosis

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3
Q

What are types of megaloblastic erythropoiesis?

A

B12 deficiency

Folate deficiency

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4
Q

What is a stem cell mutation?

A

Myelodysplasia

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5
Q

On a blood film, what does hypersegmented neutrophils and oval macrocytes suggest?

A

megaloblastic

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6
Q

On a blood film, what does uniform macrocytosis suggest?

A

Alcohol

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7
Q

On a blood film, what does dysplastic neutrophils suggest?

A

myelodysplasia

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8
Q

On a blood film, what does polychromasia suggest?

A

Reticulocytosis

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9
Q

On a blood film, what does agglutinates suggest?

A

Artefact with cold agglutinins

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10
Q

What is a defect of globin synthesis?

A

Thalassaemia

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11
Q

What can result from defects of haem synthesis?

A

Iron deficiency

Defective porphyin synthesis (Sideoblastic anaemias)

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12
Q

What is functional iron?

A

Hb concentration

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13
Q

What is storage iron?

A

Serum ferritin

- Bone marrow biopsy with Perls’ stain

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14
Q

What is transport iron?

A

Serum transferrin % saturation with iron

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15
Q

Where is iron absorbed?

A

Jejunum

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16
Q

When does erythrpoietin production manifest itself after an acute bleed?

A

1-2 days

Maximal 8-10

17
Q

What is an appropriate marrow response to marked anaemia?

A

6-8 fold increase absolute reticulocyte count
3-4 fold increase in amount of erythropoiesis
Earlier release of reticulocytes into blood

18
Q

What are signs of shock?

A 
Tachycardia
Hypotension (postural)
Tachypnoea
Peripheral vasoconstriction (pallor, delayed, capillary refill)
Oliguria)
19
Q

What 4 types of blood are available?

A

O RhD -ve
ABO type specific
Fully crossmatched
Electronic crossmatched

20
Q

What attacks red cells in delayed transfusion reaction?

A

IgG alloantibody

21
Q

What are immune complications of transfusions?

A

Febrile non-haemolytic reactions
Urticarial reactions
taGVHD, PTP, IgA deficiency, TRALI

Haematology (27 decks)

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