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haematology > Anaemia: Approach to diagnosis > Flashcards

Anaemia: Approach to diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is are the 2 definitions of anaemia?

A
  1. Reduction in Hb conc below which is optimum for that person
  2. Reduction in Hb conc below 95% range for the population
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2
Q

A Hb conc in a child 6 months to 6 years where aneamia is likely to be present?

A

110

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3
Q

A Hb conc in a child aged 6-14 years where anaemia is likely to be present?

A

120

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4
Q

A Hb conc in an adult where anaemia is present?

A

Male - 130
Female (non-pregnant) - 120
Female (pregnant) - 110

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5
Q

What is hypoproliferative?

A

Reduced amount of eryhtropoiesis

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6
Q

What happens in a Maturation abnormality?

A

Erythropoiesis present but ineffective

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7
Q

What are cytoplasmic defects?

A

Impaired haemoglobinisation

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8
Q

What are nuclear defects?

A

Impaired cell division

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of hypochromatic microcytic anaemia?

A

Iron deficiency

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10
Q

What are causes of microcytic anaemia?

A

Thalassaemia
Lead poisoning
Pyridoxine responsiveness anaemias
Sideroblastic anaemia

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11
Q

What are causes of macrocytic anaemia?

A 
Folate dysplasia
B12 deficiency 
Myelodysplasia
Myeloma
Aplastic anaemia
Reticulocytosis
Cold agglutinins
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12
Q

What happens to epo production in most cases of renal failure?

A

Goes down

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13
Q

What can cause macrocytosis without anaemia?

A

Alcohol
Liver disease
Hypothyroidism

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14
Q

What can cause Normochromic normocytic anaemia?

A 
Acute blood loss/early iron deficiency.
Hypoproliferative(low retic) - Chronic illneses
- Anaemia of renal failure
- Hypometabolic states
Marrow failure
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15
Q

Describe anaemia of chronic diseases?

A

A multifactorial pathophysiology with inflam a central process

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16
Q

What happens in anaemia of chronic disease?

A

Blunted epo response by kidney
Impaired iron availability to erythroid precursors
Inhibition of erythroid precursor proliferation and differentiation
Reduced red cell survival

17
Q

What is anaemia of chronic disease driven by?

A

Inflammatory cytokines induced by infection/malignancy/autoimmune disease dysregulaiton

18
Q

What happens to Serum iron with regards to a) iron deficiency and b) anaemia of chronic disease?

A

a) Reduced

b) Reduced

19
Q

What happens to Transferrin with regards to a) iron deficiency and b) anaemia of chronic disease?

A

a) Normal or Increased

b) Normal or Reduced

20
Q

What happens to % Transferrin saturation with regards to a) iron deficiency and b) anaemia of chronic disease?

A

a) Reduced

b) Reduced

21
Q

What happens to Ferritin with regards to a) iron deficiency and b) anaemia of chronic disease?

A

a) Reduced

b) Normal or Increased

22
Q

What happens to MCV with regards to a) iron deficiency and b) anaemia of chronic disease?

A

a) Reduced (can be normal)

b) Normal (can be reduced)

haematology (27 decks)

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