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Haematology > Haemopoiesis > Flashcards

Haemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Haemopoiesis?

A

Formation of blood cells

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2
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

Phagocytosis

Acute inflam

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3
Q

What do eosinophils do?

A

Destroy parasites

Modulate hypersensitivity reactions

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4
Q

What do basophils do?

A

Modulate hypersensitivity reactions

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5
Q

What do macrophages do?

A

Modulate immune reactions
Phagocytic clearance
Regulate functions

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6
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

B cells - humoral immunity (antibodies)
T cells - Cell-mediated immunity - regulatory functions
NK cells - anti viral/tumour

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7
Q

What do erythrocytes do?

A

O2/CO2 transport

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8
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Primary haemostasis

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9
Q

What is proliferation?

A

Increase in numbers

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10
Q

What is differentiation?

A

Descendants commit to one or more lineages

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11
Q

What is maturation?

A

Descendants acquire functional properties and may stop proliferating

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12
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Descendants undergo cell death

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13
Q

Where are stem cells derived from?

A

mesoderm

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14
Q

From when are circulating committed progenitors detectable?

A

Week 5

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15
Q

When does the yolk sac stop haemopoiesis?

A

Week 10

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16
Q

When does the liver begin haemopoiesis?

A

Week 6

17
Q

When does the spleen begin haemopoiesis?

A

Week 12

18
Q

When does the bone marrow begin haemopoiesis?

A

Week 16

19
Q

What does bone marrow contain?

A

haematopoietic and non haematopoietic cells surrounded by a shell of bone with a neurovascular supply

20
Q

What is found throughout the metaphysis?

A

Projections of bone called trabeculae

21
Q

What is the interface of bone and bone marrow known as?

A

Endosteum which is covered by bone-lining cells including bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts

22
Q

What do arteries feed into?

A

Sinusoids

23
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

Specialised venules that form a reticular network of fenestrated (with apertures) vessels

24
Q

How do red cells enter circulation?

A

They pass through fenestrations in endothelial cells

25
Q

What migrates towards the sinusoid?

A

Neutrophils

26
Q

What process do megakaryocytes go through?

A

Proplatelets

27
Q

What is release of red cells into circulation associated with?

A

Sinusoidal dilatation and increased blood flow

28
Q

What is the range in Myeloid:Erythroid ratio?

A

1.5:1 - 3.3:1

29
Q

What regulated neutrophil maturation?

A

G-CSF (Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor)

30
Q

What regulates growth and development of megalokaryocytes from their precursors?

A

Thrombopoieten

31
Q

Name 3 things that regulate haemopoiesis?

A

Activation of transcription factors
Increased expression of CSF receptors
Transcription factor and CSF-induced maturation

Haematology (27 decks)

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