Review 3 Flashcards
What are the components of nomral haemostatic system?
Formation of platelet plug
Formation of fibrin clot
Fibrinolysis
Anticoagulant defences
What is a screening test for Primary haemostasis?
Platelet count
What are causes of peripheral platelet destruction?
Coagulopathy - DIC
Autoimmune - ITP
Hypersplenism
What are 2 causes of platelet dysfunction?
Drugs - aspirin + NSAIDs
Renal failure
What causes failure of fibrin clot formation?
Multiple factor deficiency - DIC
Single factor - Haemophilia
Name 3 multiple factor deficiencies?
Liver failure
Vit K/ Warfarin therapy
DIC
What is DIC?
Excessive and inappropriate activation of the haemostatic system
Microvascular thrombus formation
Clotting factor consumption
What are causes of DIC? (4)
Sepsis
Obstetric emergencies
Malignancy
Hypovolaemic shock
What are signs of shock? (5)
Pale Clammy Tachycardia Hypotension Hypoxia
What is the treatment for shock? (5)
Get Help IV access Fluid replacement Oxygen Treat the cause
What are signs/symptoms of a DVT? (4)
Unilateral
Pain
Swelling
Erythema
What are signs/symptoms of a PE?
SOB
Pleuritic chest pain
Rub
Hypoxia
What is Virchow’s triad?
Stasis
Vessel wall
Hypercoagulability
What is done to investigate a DVT?
Doppler Ultrasound
Describe D-dimers?
Cross linked product of fibrin degredation
Produced whenever fibrin is generated
What are prophylactic measures for DVT?
TED stockings
Physio
Early mobilisation
What are treatments for DVT?
Heparin
Warfarin
What are the vitamin K dependant factors? (6)
II VII IX X Protein C Protein S
Where are all clotting factors synthesised?
Hepatocytes
How do you reverse warfarin?
Oral Vit K
Clotting factors
How long does Vit K take to work?
6 hours
How long do clotting factors take to work?
Immediate
