Review 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of nomral haemostatic system?

A

Formation of platelet plug
Formation of fibrin clot
Fibrinolysis
Anticoagulant defences

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2
Q

What is a screening test for Primary haemostasis?

A

Platelet count

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3
Q

What are causes of peripheral platelet destruction?

A

Coagulopathy - DIC
Autoimmune - ITP
Hypersplenism

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4
Q

What are 2 causes of platelet dysfunction?

A

Drugs - aspirin + NSAIDs

Renal failure

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5
Q

What causes failure of fibrin clot formation?

A

Multiple factor deficiency - DIC

Single factor - Haemophilia

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6
Q

Name 3 multiple factor deficiencies?

A

Liver failure
Vit K/ Warfarin therapy
DIC

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7
Q

What is DIC?

A

Excessive and inappropriate activation of the haemostatic system
Microvascular thrombus formation
Clotting factor consumption

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8
Q

What are causes of DIC? (4)

A

Sepsis
Obstetric emergencies
Malignancy
Hypovolaemic shock

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9
Q

What are signs of shock? (5)

A
Pale
Clammy
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Hypoxia
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10
Q

What is the treatment for shock? (5)

A
Get Help
IV access
Fluid replacement
Oxygen
Treat the cause
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11
Q

What are signs/symptoms of a DVT? (4)

A

Unilateral
Pain
Swelling
Erythema

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12
Q

What are signs/symptoms of a PE?

A

SOB
Pleuritic chest pain
Rub
Hypoxia

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13
Q

What is Virchow’s triad?

A

Stasis
Vessel wall
Hypercoagulability

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14
Q

What is done to investigate a DVT?

A

Doppler Ultrasound

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15
Q

Describe D-dimers?

A

Cross linked product of fibrin degredation

Produced whenever fibrin is generated

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16
Q

What are prophylactic measures for DVT?

A

TED stockings
Physio
Early mobilisation

17
Q

What are treatments for DVT?

A

Heparin

Warfarin

18
Q

What are the vitamin K dependant factors? (6)

A
II
VII
IX
X
Protein C
Protein S
19
Q

Where are all clotting factors synthesised?

A

Hepatocytes

20
Q

How do you reverse warfarin?

A

Oral Vit K

Clotting factors

21
Q

How long does Vit K take to work?

A

6 hours

22
Q

How long do clotting factors take to work?

A

Immediate