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HIS with Trudel > Review Quizzes > Flashcards

Review Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

One of Postman’s five ideas about technological change is that it always has an ecological price because it always affects the environment.

A

False

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2
Q

In the history of computing, calculators, tabulators, and programmable machines may be ranked in this order from the point of view of increasing automation?

A

True

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3
Q

Before the modern era, lengthy and intricate calculations were often required to solve problems in the field of

A

astronomy

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4
Q

By the end of the 19th century, cash registers were just one variety of mechanical calculating machines found in businesses and offices in Western countries?

A

True

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5
Q

To process its results, the 1890 U.S. census relied on the use of

A

mechanical tabulators built by Hollerith

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6
Q

Charles Babbage is credited with designing (if not building) the first universal computing machine?

A

True

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7
Q

Babbage’s first difference engine was intended to

A

mechanize the production and printing of numerical tables

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8
Q

Ada Byron (or Lovelace) wrote the first published complex computer algorithm for Babbage’s Analytical Engine.

A

True

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9
Q

The Differential Analyzer created by Vannevar Bush and his collaborators was used, among other things…

A

to calculate artillery firing tables for the U.S. military during World War II

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10
Q

Since 1945, computing power has (to a good approximation) risen…

A

exponentially

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11
Q

The first electronic computer used

A

Vacuum tubes, punched cards, electric circuitry

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12
Q

Among the first commercial electronic computers were…

A

the UNIVAC and the Ferranti Mark I

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13
Q

Canada’s first electronic computer was built where?

A

at the University of Toronto

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14
Q

Many of the first buyers of commercial electronic computers were government agencies and military organizations?

A

True

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15
Q

The second generation of electronic computers used…

A

solid-state transistors

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16
Q

The U.S. Air Force built the first version of the internet as a communications network designed to keep working even after a nuclear missile strike?

A

False

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17
Q

All of the electronic and computing components of the ARPANET were designed and built by ARPA?

A

False

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18
Q

Down to the creation of the modern internet in the mid-1970s, ARPANET was the world’s only computer network.

A

False

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19
Q

In the course of the 19th century, chemistry made it possible to produce clothing that was whiter and also clothes that were more colourful?

A

True

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20
Q

Alfred Nobel was able to fund the Nobel Prizes with the proceeds from his invention of…

A

dynamite

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21
Q

Over the course of a few decades, the energy required to synthesize ammonia declined more than the energy required for several important chemical processes in industry?

A

True

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22
Q

Generally speaking, since the 1960s, the second greatest source of nitrogen in German agriculture has been animal manure.

A

True

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23
Q

Worldwide, biofixation by bacteria remains the second largest source of nitrogen for crops.

A

True

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24
Q

The second battle of Ypres is remembered for the use of phosgene by the German forces to try and reduce the salient controlled by the Allies?

A

False

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25
Q

During World War I, mustard gas was only introduced in 1917 as a last resort since it could not penetrate clothing?

A

False

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26
Q

Poison gases were responsible for the majority of combat deaths during World War I?

A

False

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27
Q

After World War I, the DuPont de Nemours chemical company was accusing of wartime profiteering as a result of…

A

of its munitions manufacturing

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28
Q

By the end of World War I, U.S. painter John Singer Sargent produced a famous painting showing…

A

U.S. soldiers, blinded by mustard gas, leading each other towards safety

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29
Q

During World War I, Russia was the country that lost the greatest number of troops to deaths, injuries, disappearances, and capture?

A

True

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30
Q

During World War I, the troops on both sides used for transportation, at one point or another, bicycles, motorcycles, armoured vehicles, and horses?

A

True

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31
Q

The wreck of the zeppelin Hindenburg was a blow to the prestige of…

A

Nazi Germany

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32
Q

The two airships developed by the U.S. Navy as flying aircraft carriers were wrecked at sea in storms during the 1930s?

A

True

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33
Q

During World War II, Jews sent to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination complex were burned alive in the “Crematoria” where they were told they would be taking showers?

A

False

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34
Q

The use of poison gas against Allied forces at Ypres in 1915 was organized and supervised by German chemist Karl Bosch?

A

False

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35
Q

Fertilizers fight pests that prey on crops and weeds that compete with them?

A

False

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36
Q

The uninterrupted increase in the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in the U.S. since World War I has driven a similar uninterrupted increase in wheat yields?

A

False

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37
Q

Global warming is the main reason for the increase in U.S. corn yields since the 1930s?

A

False

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38
Q

By 2018, soybeans were the most extensively cultivated transgenic crop?

A

True

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39
Q

The U.S. share of worldwide transgenic crops under cultivation has been steadily declining?

A

True

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40
Q

By 2018, most of the world’s transgenic crops included added defenses against viruses?

A

False

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41
Q

Africa, Australia, and South America are the continents with the lowest apparent use of nitrogen-based synthetic fertilizers (excluding Antarctica)?

A

True

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42
Q

Algal blooms and red tides may be caused by water pollution in the form…

A

of excessive amounts of nitrogen or phosphorus

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43
Q

The typhus microbe can be killed by DDT?

A

False

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44
Q

The 1943-1944 typhus epidemic in Naples was fought and defeated by DDT alone since the stocks of another insecticide, MYTL, were assigned for army use only?

A

False

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45
Q

After World War II, malaria was nearly eliminated in parts of Africa by spraying DDT indoors (where it remained active against adult mosquitoes in trace amounts) and by spraying it outdoors to kill mosquito larvae?

A

True

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46
Q

By the mid-1960s, public concern over the state of the environment grew in North America as a result of,

A

Smog in LA and elsewhere, radioactive fallout from above-ground nuclear bomb tests, and Rachel Catson’s warnings about synthetic pesticides

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47
Q

In 1972, DDT was banned in Africa because it caused cancer in farmers and thinned the eggshells of vultures?

A

False

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48
Q

In the United States, broiler chicken were genetically improved with turkey genes in order to grow and gain weight more rapidly.

A

False

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49
Q

Much of the environmental damage that was once visible in and around Sudbury (Ontario) resulted from the mining of…The oral contraceptive pill (the Pill) was approved in 1960 based on a 1959 investigation that cited only one (1) study of its effects on women?

A

False

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50
Q

In Japan, the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident was caused by…

A

A Tsunami

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51
Q

In 1979, the Three Mile Island nuclear accident caused 100,000 deaths in Pennsylvania?

A

False

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52
Q

By the end of the 1960s, it was determined the older women were at a higher risk (though still small in absolute terms) of serious health consequences when taking the oral contraceptive pill?

A

True

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53
Q

In 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear accident caused…

A

at least 56 immediate deaths, a few thousand deaths over the long run from exposure to radioactive fallout, an explosion that blew open the nuclear power plant

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54
Q

By 1960, hundreds of millions of women worldwide had used the oral contraceptive pill.

A

False

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55
Q

In the 1960s, the Thalidomide scandal resulted from the numerous miscarriages and births of babies with deformities as a result of women taking an abortive pill contaminated with methylmercury?

A

False

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56
Q

Accidents can be considered externalities when they affect everybody, even the people who did not benefit originally from the technology that failed?

A

True

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57
Q

The European Union’s “Seveso Directives” aim to…

A

aim to avoid major hazards involving chemical substances or limit their consequences

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58
Q

In 1895, the train accident in the Gare Montparnasse of Paris was a result of…

A

Human error and brake failure

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59
Q

The share of U.S. doctorates earned by women was lower in the 1960s than in the 1920s?

A

True

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60
Q

The oral contraceptive pill (the Pill) was approved for use in the United States in 1960 by

A

the Food and Drug Administration

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61
Q

In the 1970s, the Asilomar Conference attempted to set limits on the emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that depleted the ozone layer?

A

False

62
Q

When Thomas Newcomen was born in 1663, most natural philosophers (scientists) believed that all matter was composed of earth, water, air, and fire?

A

True

63
Q

Worldwide, the use of coal increased more rapidly in the 19th century than in the 20th century?

A

True

64
Q

The composition of carbon dioxide (carbon + oxygen) was first discovered by…

A

Antoine Guyton de Morveau and Antoine Lavoisier

65
Q

Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius first discovered that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere helps trap the Sun’s heat?

A

No

66
Q

In the 1950s, that the oceans absorb less carbon dioxide than expected was proven by?

A

Hans Suess and Roger Revelle

67
Q

With respect to atmospheric carbon dioxide, the overlap of measurements taken from Antarctic ice cores and from atmospheric samples near the peak of Mauna Loa is nearly perfect?

A

True

68
Q

With reference to the period from 1951 to 1980, global air temperatures have increased by about one degree Celsius?

A

True

69
Q

The IPCC was founded in 1988 to carry out new research on global climate change in order to understand its causes?

A

False

70
Q

The three (3) most important greenhouse gases are…

A

carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone

71
Q

Global warming is expected to spread tropical diseases to areas closer to the poles.

A

True

72
Q

The eruptions of the Krakatoa and Pinatubo volcanoes briefly cooled the global climate?

A

The eruptions of the Krakatoa and Pinatubo volcanoes briefly cooled the global climate

73
Q

Most carbon emissions originate in the Southern hemisphere as a result of the burning of tropical forests in the Amazon, Africa, and Indonesia?

A

False

74
Q

Down to 2014, Canada’s per capita carbon dioxide emissions (from energy and cement manufacture) were below the global average?

A

False

75
Q

The trend of Canada’s emission since 1990 is compatible with reaching Canada’s official targets for 2030?

A

False

76
Q

Since 1990, Québec has been the province with the lowest CO2-equivalent emissions per capita?

A

True

77
Q

According to data from 2003-2005, wind, solar, and nuclear energy are very nearly equivalent in terms of CO2-equivalent emissions per unit energy production over their entire life-cycle?

A

False

78
Q

Reginald Fessenden discovered that he could increase the range of radio voice messages by using an antenna while grounding both the transmitter and the receiver?

A

False

79
Q

Edwin H. Armstrong built the first high-current, high-frequency generator of continuous radio waves in order to develop amplitude modulation?

A

False

80
Q

In 1906-1907, the first radio broadcasts transmitted…

A

speech and music

81
Q

The first radio “fans” mostly used…

A

crystal radios

82
Q

During World War I, planes communicated with ground forces using radios and Morse code?

A

True

83
Q

By the 1920s, the growing North American radio audience was increasingly tuning in with

A

Vacuum tube radios

84
Q

When the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) was created by the government in 1927, it began by equipping trains with radios so that travellers would become familiar with the new technology?

A

False

85
Q

In the 1940s, North American musicians went on strike to oppose the increasing popularity of recorded music broadcast by radio stations and help save their jobs?

A

True

86
Q

By the 1850s and 1860s, telegraph-based technologies were capable of transmitting low-resolution pictures by wire?

A

True

87
Q

Edison invented cinema as a technological system comprising high-speed film, projectors, and screens?

A

False

88
Q

The cathode ray tube was the key technological element of the all-electronic television sets launched and manufactured in the 1940s?

A

True

89
Q

Vladimir Zworykin was too attached to his independence to collaborate effectively with others: though he was a great television innovator, he remained an isolated one?

A

False

90
Q

The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) exhibited its first production models of all-electronic televisions at which event?

A

the 1939-1940 New York World Fair

91
Q

In 1939, North Americans could buy all-electronic televisions featuring…

A

reduced size, achieved by using a separate radio’s speakers to eliminate the need for incorporated speakers

92
Q

In Canada, the 1949-1951 Massey Commission concluded that private radio broadcasters should be responsible for the introduction of Canadian-made television?

A

False

93
Q

Before the age of satellites, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s television stations were linked from sea to sea by a communications network using?

A

microwaves

94
Q

By 1955, the Soviet Union had more television sets (receivers) than Canada.

A

False

95
Q

By the mid-1990s, Canada had roughly three (3) times as many television sets (receivers) per capita than Mexico?

A

True

96
Q

n 1960, U.S. presidential candidate Kennedy won the television debates with Nixon because he was younger and more comfortable with the virtual setting of debates split between television studios in New York and Los Angeles?

A

False

97
Q

The first televised debate between political leaders in Canada happened…

A

in 1962, when candidates Jean Lesage and Daniel Johnson, Sr. clashed during a Québec provincial election

98
Q

For much of the 1960s and 1970s, the operating budget of the CBC was approximately equal to the combined budgets of all private radio and television stations in Canada?

A

True

99
Q

In his 1980 paper on the politics of technological objects, Langdon Winner criticized the low bridges built by Robert Caro over parkways on Long Island, near New York?

A

False

100
Q

The principal reason that drove Herodotus of Halicarnassus to write a history of the wars of the Greeks and Barbarians was to correct the mistakes found in previous histories?

A

False

101
Q

Which of the following research tools or methods it is strictly forbidden to use in this course?

A

none

102
Q

The initial purpose of Hoover Dam as it was conceived was to supply Las Vegas and Los Angeles with a dependable supply of electricity?

A

False

103
Q

The anatomical work of Belgian doctor Vesalius capped decades of scientific research and stands as a fitting close of the Scientific Revolution in the 18th century?

A

False

104
Q

Around 1800, most of the world’s countries did not enjoy an average life expectancy of much more than 40 years of age.

A

True

105
Q

According to Einstein, what is a person’s greatest gain from a study of methodology and philosophy?

A

a habit of independent thinking

106
Q

The U.S. space programme of the 1960s and 1970s provided the environmental movement with added impetus?

A

True

107
Q

A technological system is…

A

a set of technological elements coordinated to achieve a definite result

108
Q

The development of the patent system reinforced the tendency by early historians of technology, down to the 19th century, to focus on when and where which inventor invented what invention?

A

True

109
Q

The 1934 historical work Technics and Civilization was authored by…

A

Lewis Mumford

110
Q

Which of animal species are able to manipulate their environment or use natural objects as tools?

A

Humans, beavers, certain birds

111
Q

Windmills were among the defining technologies of the (first) Industrial Revolution?

A

False

112
Q

Under what U.S. president was Hoover Dam completed?

A

FDR

113
Q

The human impact on the terrestrial environment is greatest in the Amazon and Canada?

A

False

114
Q

What city was created to house the workers who built Hoover Dam?

A

Boulder City

115
Q

The traditional “arts and crafts” covered much of what we now call “technology”.

A

True

116
Q

Which was not defined as a student responsibility in an Arts calendar cited by the first lecture?

A

knowledge and understanding of engineering ethics

117
Q

Only a minor share of U.S. economic growth before 1950 is accounted for by productivity increases.

A

False

118
Q

In a 2008 of U.S. scientific literacy, women did as well or better than men on questions testing their knowledge of the biological sciences?

A

True

119
Q

High school enrollment rates dipped in the U.S. during the Second World War due to the mobilization of young men in the army.

A

False

120
Q

In the 1940s, the newest and most advanced U.S. industries generally required the greatest number of educated workers (such as high school graduates).

A

True

121
Q

In the U.S., the holders of four-year college degrees (or better) were the only ones to be more numerous in manufacturing work in 2012 than in 1960?

A

False

122
Q

The motto “Faster, higher, stronger” was used by the ancient Greeks to describe the striving of their athletes during the original Olympic games?

A

False

123
Q

The Futurists were a group of…

A

Italian artists who believed modern art should incorporate the new technologies creating the world of the future

124
Q

Ever since the 19th century, one important goal of urban planners and reformers has been to…

A

build parks, satellite cities, free up space with taller buildings

125
Q

Levittown was…

A

The name of several post-World War II U.S. suburbs developed to house the baby-boom generation and their parents (while often excluding racial minorities)

126
Q

Early in the 20th century, North American office buildings retained visual elements present in ancient edifices such as the Parthenon in Athens?

A

True

127
Q

The “modern” design of buildings and furniture was often pioneered by artists such as Italian architect Antonio Sant’Elia before World War I and the designers of the Bauhaus school in the Germany of the interwar period?

A

True

128
Q

The streamlining applied to everyday objects like telephones and refrigerators by the time of World War II was first developed to design better zeppelins, seaplanes, and other aircraft, as well as passenger automobiles and locomotives?

A

True

129
Q

The streamlining of steam locomotives in the 1950s allowed them to replace diesel locomotives in North America?

A

False

130
Q

During World War I, the National Research Council of Canada helped the United States build the first nuclear bomb by providing it with uranium from Canadian mines in the Northwest Territories?

A

False

131
Q

The role played originally by the National Research Council of Canada in terms of funding research is now assumed in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council as it provides money for university research?

A

True

132
Q

The conviction that science and technology had made Germany a fearsome opponent in World War II greatly pushed U.S. urban planners, designers, architects, and utopians to bet on scientific and technological progress after the war?

A

False

133
Q

Less than ten years after producing the first sustained chain reaction, U.S. physicists and engineers built the first nuclear reactor?

A

True

134
Q

To build the first nuclear bombs, the Manhattan project relied on facilities in both the United States and Canada, raw materials from both and the Belgian Congo, as well as people from multiple countries?

A

True

135
Q

In 1945, when the first atomic bombs were detonated in New Mexico and Japan, killing thousands, Canada and the United Kingdom were recognized as full collaborators of the United States in the Manhattan Project?

A

True

136
Q

In his 1945 memorandum, Science—The Endless Frontier, Vannevar Bush argued that the U.S. government…

A

should fund basic scientific research, as well as military and medical R&D

137
Q

After World War II, the United States extended the wartime funding of research until 1948, when the beginning of the Cold War and the 1949 Soviet atomic bomb convinced the government to double it.

A

False

138
Q

By 1952, there were three nuclear powers?

A

True

139
Q

By the mid-1950s, radioactive fallout from nuclear bomb tests was increasingly feared and criticized by scientists and the general public?

A

True

140
Q

In the 1950s, the pursuit of peaceful applications of nuclear power led to the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, by the Soviet Union?

A

False

141
Q

In the United States, Operation Plowshare…

A

designated the use of peaceful nuclear explosions to dig mines, bring up oil, and create canals, among other possible applications

142
Q

By 1960, Canada had built its first nuclear reactor and pioneered cancer therapy using radioactive materials?

A

False

143
Q

The Soviet Union became the first space-faring nation with the help of Nazi rocket scientists who had all sought refuge in the USSR out of fear that the United States would prosecute them for war crimes?

A

False

144
Q

In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space, orbiting Earth in his space capsule called Sputnik.

A

False

145
Q

In the 1950s, the United States responded to the Soviet challenge to its technological primacy by…

A

establishing National Science Foundation, ARPA, NASA

146
Q

The number of U.S. patents granted to independent inventors fell below the number of patents granted to non-U.S. firms in or about…

A

the 1970s

147
Q

Since 1979, the U.S. federal government has provided most of the funding for research and development?

A

False

148
Q

The amount (in constant dollars) spent on defense R&D by the U.S. government dipped after 1989 due to…

A

due to the end of the Cold War

149
Q

After 1980, U.S. corporations were increasingly able to outsource their R&D to university laboratories and startups, leading to a decline of the in-house research lab.

A

True

150
Q

By 1960, Canada had built its first nuclear reactor and pioneered cancer therapy using radioactive materials.

A

True

HIS with Trudel (17 decks)

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