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HIS with Trudel > Cars > Flashcards

Cars Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first inventor of the gas motor? When?

A

Belgian Mechanic Étienne Lenoir in 1859

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2
Q

What is gasoline derived from?

A

Petroleum

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3
Q

True or False: Gasoline engines required batteries?

A

True. Engines needed electric sparks to be set off

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4
Q

Lenoir’s 1862 motor used what material?

A

A compressed mix of coal and gas

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5
Q

Why did Lenoir’s 1862 motor fail to make an impact?

A

It used too much gas

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6
Q

Who made the first functional motor automobile? When?

A

Joseph Cugnot, 1769. It relied on a steam engine

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7
Q

Why did Cugnot’s motor car fail to make an impact?

A

It was too slow

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8
Q

What was Alphonse Beau de Rochas’s contribution to automobiles. When?

A

in 1862 he patented the concept of the four-stroke engine but did not build a prototype, basically setting back engine development in France for the duration of the patent

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9
Q

Who made the first four-stroke engine. Which country was he from?

A

Nikolaus August Otto. Germany

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10
Q

What was the first four-stroke engine used for?

A

As a stationary prime mover in factories

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11
Q

Who did Gottlieb Daimler work for?

A

Nikolaus August Otto

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12
Q

What did Daimler adjust in existing engines?

A

Replaced coal gas with petroleum

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13
Q

When did Daimler patent his own engine?

A

1885

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14
Q

Why did Daimler not build a second car until 1889?

A

The money was in prime movers for factories, not cars

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15
Q

When did Daimler build his car?

A

1886

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16
Q

When did Karl Benz build his first car?

A

1885-1886

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17
Q

Describe the process of retrieval in the early automobile construction?

A

Early automobiles and other vehicles with gas engines closely resembled existing horse-drawn or pedal technology, just with added motors.

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18
Q

How did American manufacturers learn about cars in Germany?

A

In a globalized world, magazines and reviews containing information on Cars could reach the United States in weeks

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19
Q

Disappearance of what from streets have cars a good opportunity?

A

Farm animals

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20
Q

When was the first electric car built? By whom?

A

Walter C. Baker and F. Phillip Dorn in 1897

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21
Q

When did an electric car set the land speed record? What was the speed?

A

1899; 106 km/h

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22
Q

When did a steam car set the land speed record? What was the speed?

A

1902; 121 km/h

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23
Q

What was a major steam car manufacturing company?

A

Stanley Automobile Manufacturing

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24
Q

When did Stanley Automobile Manufacturing produce cars?

A

1897-1927

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25
Q

What were limitations on early electric cars?

A

They had very little seating capacity, short distances from battery, low horsepower

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26
Q

What speed did a specially designed “Stanley Steamer” set in 1906?

A

204 km/h

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27
Q

How long did some companies, especially Edison’s electric supply companies, hold on to electric trucks?

A

Through the 1920s and as late as 1947

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28
Q

Which company did Canadian company McLaughlin partner with in 1918 instead of going out of business?

A

General Motors

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29
Q

What did McLaughlin do between 1915 and 1918

A

Turned out Canadian versions of the Buick and Chevrolet

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30
Q

Did Ford invent any new techniques?

A

No, not really. Most of the manufacturing methods had been in existence before. Ford combined them

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31
Q

Why did the streetcar lose out against buses?

A

1) The development of car engines aided the bus
2) Publicly funded streetcars in-use were becoming old and worn down. Private buses were new and fancy
3) Streetcars were less manoeuvrable
4) Streetcars required far more infrastructure
5) Streetcar lines often had financial obligations to the city (cleaning roads) that bus companies did not
6) Buses had seats for each traveller, meaning better comfort

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32
Q

How did companies stick around after Ford took over the market?

A

1) Adopt Ford’s methods (GM, Chrysler)
2) Create some features that make your car unique
3) Produce luxury cars

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33
Q

What political commentary was Charlie Chaplin doing with Modern Times

A

Criticizing fordism and modern factory work for dehumanizing the worker

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34
Q

Which two developments informed eugenics and Ford’s aptitude tests?

A

Scientific racism +IQ testing

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35
Q

What was Ford’s aptitude test?

A

Placing workers into different types of jobs depending on their scores

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36
Q

Why did Ford choose to make a gas car as opposed to electric or steam?

A

he liked gas’s power and speed

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37
Q

What were leaf springs used for in the Model T?

A

Absorbing shocks as a suspension

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38
Q

How did the car’s storage capacity increase over time?

A

Grew larger

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39
Q

In 1904 how many registered cars were there in Canada?

A

500

40
Q

In 1919 how many registered cars were there in Canada?

A

342,000

41
Q

What attribute of fuel aided the adoption of gas cars from 1920s-1970s

A

fuel was cheap

42
Q

Did passenger car registrations drop significantly in 1929?

A

No. It recovered soon after

43
Q

Why did street cars lose out against cars?

A

Cars were far more convenient, offering instant service and independence

44
Q

What was the main commercial result of
Ford’s adoption of scientific management
techniques and other productivity-boosting
methods?

A

Ford dominated the car market. Other businesses had to adopt Ford’s methods, specialize, or go under

45
Q

When did amenities serving cars emerge

A

1920s

46
Q

What were some amenities which served cars in cities?

A

Garages (at home and commercial), commercial parking, loading docks, gas stations, paved streets

47
Q

What was a car rally?

A

A special race where cars would reach a far-off destination. These were thrilling due to the often poor conditions and vague directions

48
Q

What activities involved cars through the interwar years?

A

Racing, road-trips, camping, organized tours

49
Q

When was the first motel built? In what state?

A

The milestone motel opened in 1925 in California

50
Q

When and where was Canada’s first paved road built?

A

1915 between Toronto and Hamilton

51
Q

When was Detroit’s first auto show?

A

1907

52
Q

How was the Bombardier Ski-Doo different
from a Snowmobile?

A

A snowmobile was a large enclosed vehicle. A ski-doo is a personal, open-air vehicle.

53
Q

Was bombardier the only company to make snowmobiles?

A

nope

54
Q

Why were early airplanes useful in the
Canadian bush?

A

Because they could access communities that had no roads or ports

55
Q

In what two ways could bush planes routinely land on water?

A

Skis and floats mounted below the aircraft, or specifically designed fuselages in the case of the Curtis Flying Boats

56
Q

What was the main factor in the decreasing
popularity of Bombardier Snowmobiles after
World War II?

A

Roads started to be cleared on a routine basis, meaning there was less need for snowmobiles as a general means of transportation

57
Q

How many kilometres of paved road existed in the US in 1900

A

220 km

58
Q

How long did a road trip across the United States take in 1915?

A

104 days

59
Q

What year did Eisenhower approve the national highway system?

A

1956

60
Q

What was the official name of Eisenhower’s highway system?

A

National System of Interstate and Defense Highways

61
Q

What justification did the Eisenhower administration use to sell the highway system to congress?

A

The highways could be used in case of war

62
Q

What percentage of costs was covered by States to build the highway system? What did they get in return?

A

10% of costs in exchange ofr being able to decide the routes.

63
Q

What was the length of US highways by the time they were complete?

A

65k km

64
Q

True or False: Canada’s road network in 1900 was expansive and well-maintained

A

False. Lots of mud and bad conditions

65
Q

Good Roads Associations included which groups of commuters?

A

Car drivers and Cyclists

66
Q

When did Good Roads Associations become prevalent?

A

Early 1900s

67
Q

What did Good Roads Associations advocate for aside from their name?

A

Building highways across Canada

68
Q

When was the Canadian Automobile Association founded?

A

1913

69
Q

How long did a road trip across Canada take until 1946

A

Nine days

70
Q

What factor aided road and highway construction through the 1930s?

A

It was a good way to provide work during the Great Depression

71
Q

When was Canada’s first four-lane divided highway built? Where?

A

The Queensway in southern Ontario

72
Q

When did the United States open the first four-lane divided highway?

A

1939

73
Q

The definition of paved roads included not just pavement. What other materials could it mean?

A

Concrete and Grave;

74
Q

In what decade did the distance of defined paved roads overtake earth roads in Canada? What factor might have made it easier?

A

1950s. Private industrial earth roads were excluded from statistics

75
Q

Why did Canada not build a comparable highway network to the United States in the 1950s?

A

Both Federal and Provincial governments did not wish to shoulder the cost.

76
Q

What is the purpose of a motel?

A

To serve long-distance vehicle commuters (Think Motor Hotel– MO-TEL)

77
Q

With what constructions did the motel become more common?

A

Highways

78
Q

What did motels do to attract more when roads and cars became better?

A

Create flashier signs and shapes which are easier to read from further away.

79
Q

Name two drive-in lesser activities

A

Theatres, Restaurants

80
Q

When did drive-in theatres decline?

A

after the 1960s

81
Q

Why did drive-in theatres decline?

A

1) Daylight savings time pushed screening times back to late for children
2) The suburban land on which they were built started to cost a lot

82
Q

Why did highway construction pave over poor and minority neighbourhoods?

A

They had less resources for political resistance

83
Q

Why did highway-building suddenly stop in the late 70s and early 80s

A

Economic crisis after the oil crisis.

84
Q

When did Gordon McGregor approach Henry Ford with a proposition to build Ford cars in Canada?

A

1904

85
Q

Why was producing cars in Canada advantageous for American manufacturers?

A

They could be exported duty-free to the British empire due to British policy adopted in 1897

86
Q

How many vehicles were registered in Canada in 1914?

A

89,944

87
Q

Why did Car ownership in the prairies skyrocket in ww1

A

Rising wheat prices

88
Q

Who was Ford in Canada’s major competitor?

A

Canadian carriage making company Mclaughlin

89
Q

Why did Ford of Canada’s independence decline? When?

A

By 1929, the Ford family acquired a majority stock in the company

90
Q

When did Samuel Mclaughlin strike a deal with US Businessman William Durant?

A

1907

91
Q

What brand of Car did Mclaughlin originally produce for Durant

A

Buick

92
Q

What brand of Car did Mclaughlin produce for Durant after 1915

A

Chevrolet 490

93
Q

Why did McLaughlin lose its independence?

A

Durant bought them out in 1918 to create General Motors of Canada

94
Q

Why did Ford and GM produce Cars in Canada with Canadian parts?

A

Import duties and export policies meant they could be sold at lower prices/

95
Q

What was the Canada-US auto pact?

A

An agreement which traded regulated access to the Canadian market by Ford, HM, Chrysler, for unlimited access to US market while the big 3 maintained production at 1964 levels.

96
Q

Why did the big 3 agree to canada-us auto pact?

A

To reduce future trade disputes

97
Q

Why did Canada revise the traditional import duty to support its domestic industry?

A

A flood of small European cars entered the Canadian market in the 1950s

HIS with Trudel (17 decks)

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