Cars Flashcards
1
Q
Who was the first inventor of the gas motor? When?
A
Belgian Mechanic Étienne Lenoir in 1859
2
Q
What is gasoline derived from?
A
Petroleum
3
Q
True or False: Gasoline engines required batteries?
A
True. Engines needed electric sparks to be set off
4
Q
Lenoir’s 1862 motor used what material?
A
A compressed mix of coal and gas
5
Q
Why did Lenoir’s 1862 motor fail to make an impact?
A
It used too much gas
6
Q
Who made the first functional motor automobile? When?
A
Joseph Cugnot, 1769. It relied on a steam engine
7
Q
Why did Cugnot’s motor car fail to make an impact?
A
It was too slow
8
Q
What was Alphonse Beau de Rochas’s contribution to automobiles. When?
A
in 1862 he patented the concept of the four-stroke engine but did not build a prototype, basically setting back engine development in France for the duration of the patent
9
Q
Who made the first four-stroke engine. Which country was he from?
A
Nikolaus August Otto. Germany
10
Q
What was the first four-stroke engine used for?
A
As a stationary prime mover in factories
11
Q
Who did Gottlieb Daimler work for?
A
Nikolaus August Otto
12
Q
What did Daimler adjust in existing engines?
A
Replaced coal gas with petroleum
13
Q
When did Daimler patent his own engine?
A
1885
14
Q
Why did Daimler not build a second car until 1889?
A
The money was in prime movers for factories, not cars
15
Q
When did Daimler build his car?
A
1886
16
Q
When did Karl Benz build his first car?
A
1885-1886
17
Q
Describe the process of retrieval in the early automobile construction?
A
Early automobiles and other vehicles with gas engines closely resembled existing horse-drawn or pedal technology, just with added motors.
18
Q
How did American manufacturers learn about cars in Germany?
A
In a globalized world, magazines and reviews containing information on Cars could reach the United States in weeks
19
Q
Disappearance of what from streets have cars a good opportunity?
A
Farm animals
20
Q
When was the first electric car built? By whom?
A
Walter C. Baker and F. Phillip Dorn in 1897
21
Q
When did an electric car set the land speed record? What was the speed?
A
1899; 106 km/h
22
Q
When did a steam car set the land speed record? What was the speed?
A
1902; 121 km/h
23
Q
What was a major steam car manufacturing company?
A
Stanley Automobile Manufacturing
24
Q
When did Stanley Automobile Manufacturing produce cars?
A
1897-1927
25
What were limitations on early electric cars?
They had very little seating capacity, short distances from battery, low horsepower
26
What speed did a specially designed "Stanley Steamer" set in 1906?
204 km/h
27
How long did some companies, especially Edison's electric supply companies, hold on to electric trucks?
Through the 1920s and as late as 1947
28
Which company did Canadian company McLaughlin partner with in 1918 instead of going out of business?
General Motors
29
What did McLaughlin do between 1915 and 1918
Turned out Canadian versions of the Buick and Chevrolet
30
Did Ford invent any new techniques?
No, not really. Most of the manufacturing methods had been in existence before. Ford combined them
31
Why did the streetcar lose out against buses?
1) The development of car engines aided the bus
2) Publicly funded streetcars in-use were becoming old and worn down. Private buses were new and fancy
3) Streetcars were less manoeuvrable
4) Streetcars required far more infrastructure
5) Streetcar lines often had financial obligations to the city (cleaning roads) that bus companies did not
6) Buses had seats for each traveller, meaning better comfort
32
How did companies stick around after Ford took over the market?
1) Adopt Ford's methods (GM, Chrysler)
2) Create some features that make your car unique
3) Produce luxury cars
33
What political commentary was Charlie Chaplin doing with Modern Times
Criticizing fordism and modern factory work for dehumanizing the worker
34
Which two developments informed eugenics and Ford's aptitude tests?
Scientific racism +IQ testing
35
What was Ford's aptitude test?
Placing workers into different types of jobs depending on their scores
36
Why did Ford choose to make a gas car as opposed to electric or steam?
he liked gas's power and speed
37
What were leaf springs used for in the Model T?
Absorbing shocks as a suspension
38
How did the car's storage capacity increase over time?
Grew larger
39
In 1904 how many registered cars were there in Canada?
500
40
In 1919 how many registered cars were there in Canada?
342,000
41
What attribute of fuel aided the adoption of gas cars from 1920s-1970s
fuel was cheap
42
Did passenger car registrations drop significantly in 1929?
No. It recovered soon after
43
Why did street cars lose out against cars?
Cars were far more convenient, offering instant service and independence
44
What was the main commercial result of
Ford’s adoption of scientific management
techniques and other productivity-boosting
methods?
Ford dominated the car market. Other businesses had to adopt Ford's methods, specialize, or go under
45
When did amenities serving cars emerge
1920s
46
What were some amenities which served cars in cities?
Garages (at home and commercial), commercial parking, loading docks, gas stations, paved streets
47
What was a car rally?
A special race where cars would reach a far-off destination. These were thrilling due to the often poor conditions and vague directions
48
What activities involved cars through the interwar years?
Racing, road-trips, camping, organized tours
49
When was the first motel built? In what state?
The milestone motel opened in 1925 in California
50
When and where was Canada's first paved road built?
1915 between Toronto and Hamilton
51
When was Detroit's first auto show?
1907
52
How was the Bombardier Ski-Doo different
from a Snowmobile?
A snowmobile was a large enclosed vehicle. A ski-doo is a personal, open-air vehicle.
53
Was bombardier the only company to make snowmobiles?
nope
54
Why were early airplanes useful in the
Canadian bush?
Because they could access communities that had no roads or ports
55
In what two ways could bush planes routinely land on water?
Skis and floats mounted below the aircraft, or specifically designed fuselages in the case of the Curtis Flying Boats
56
What was the main factor in the decreasing
popularity of Bombardier Snowmobiles after
World War II?
Roads started to be cleared on a routine basis, meaning there was less need for snowmobiles as a general means of transportation
57
How many kilometres of paved road existed in the US in 1900
220 km
58
How long did a road trip across the United States take in 1915?
104 days
59
What year did Eisenhower approve the national highway system?
1956
60
What was the official name of Eisenhower's highway system?
National System of Interstate and Defense Highways
61
What justification did the Eisenhower administration use to sell the highway system to congress?
The highways could be used in case of war
62
What percentage of costs was covered by States to build the highway system? What did they get in return?
10% of costs in exchange ofr being able to decide the routes.
63
What was the length of US highways by the time they were complete?
65k km
64
True or False: Canada's road network in 1900 was expansive and well-maintained
False. Lots of mud and bad conditions
65
Good Roads Associations included which groups of commuters?
Car drivers and Cyclists
66
When did Good Roads Associations become prevalent?
Early 1900s
67
What did Good Roads Associations advocate for aside from their name?
Building highways across Canada
68
When was the Canadian Automobile Association founded?
1913
69
How long did a road trip across Canada take until 1946
Nine days
70
What factor aided road and highway construction through the 1930s?
It was a good way to provide work during the Great Depression
71
When was Canada's first four-lane divided highway built? Where?
The Queensway in southern Ontario
72
When did the United States open the first four-lane divided highway?
1939
73
The definition of paved roads included not just pavement. What other materials could it mean?
Concrete and Grave;
74
In what decade did the distance of defined paved roads overtake earth roads in Canada? What factor might have made it easier?
1950s. Private industrial earth roads were excluded from statistics
75
Why did Canada not build a comparable highway network to the United States in the 1950s?
Both Federal and Provincial governments did not wish to shoulder the cost.
76
What is the purpose of a motel?
To serve long-distance vehicle commuters (Think Motor Hotel-- MO-TEL)
77
With what constructions did the motel become more common?
Highways
78
What did motels do to attract more when roads and cars became better?
Create flashier signs and shapes which are easier to read from further away.
79
Name two drive-in lesser activities
Theatres, Restaurants
80
When did drive-in theatres decline?
after the 1960s
81
Why did drive-in theatres decline?
1) Daylight savings time pushed screening times back to late for children
2) The suburban land on which they were built started to cost a lot
82
Why did highway construction pave over poor and minority neighbourhoods?
They had less resources for political resistance
83
Why did highway-building suddenly stop in the late 70s and early 80s
Economic crisis after the oil crisis.
84
When did Gordon McGregor approach Henry Ford with a proposition to build Ford cars in Canada?
1904
85
Why was producing cars in Canada advantageous for American manufacturers?
They could be exported duty-free to the British empire due to British policy adopted in 1897
86
How many vehicles were registered in Canada in 1914?
89,944
87
Why did Car ownership in the prairies skyrocket in ww1
Rising wheat prices
88
Who was Ford in Canada's major competitor?
Canadian carriage making company Mclaughlin
89
Why did Ford of Canada's independence decline? When?
By 1929, the Ford family acquired a majority stock in the company
90
When did Samuel Mclaughlin strike a deal with US Businessman William Durant?
1907
91
What brand of Car did Mclaughlin originally produce for Durant
Buick
92
What brand of Car did Mclaughlin produce for Durant after 1915
Chevrolet 490
93
Why did McLaughlin lose its independence?
Durant bought them out in 1918 to create General Motors of Canada
94
Why did Ford and GM produce Cars in Canada with Canadian parts?
Import duties and export policies meant they could be sold at lower prices/
95
What was the Canada-US auto pact?
An agreement which traded regulated access to the Canadian market by Ford, HM, Chrysler, for unlimited access to US market while the big 3 maintained production at 1964 levels.
96
Why did the big 3 agree to canada-us auto pact?
To reduce future trade disputes
97
Why did Canada revise the traditional import duty to support its domestic industry?
A flood of small European cars entered the Canadian market in the 1950s
