review questions for all

Question 1

What are characteristics shared by living organisms?

Answer 1

1. living things reproduce
   2.living things return to their environment
2. living things grow and develop
   4.Living things regulate certain aspects of their internal environments
3. living things harness energy
4. populations adapt to their environment
5. all life consists of one or more cells

Question 2

Which example represents variation within a species?
1. Humans and dogs develop at different rates
2. Individual humans go through puberty at different
times
3. Fruit flies reach sexual maturity 2 weeks after
hatching; elephants reach sexual maturity after 25-35
years
4. Marsupial mammals give birth to fetuses that
continue to develop in a pouch; eutherian mammals give
birth to infants that have completed fetal development

Answer 2

2

Question 3

come up with one example of diversity and one example of variation for each of the 7
characteristics of life

Question 4

What if the
solute
concentration was
higher outside of
the cell?

Answer 4

hypertonic

Question 5

inorganic compounds

Answer 5

form in environment without living organisms
– e.g. CO2, H2O, NaCl, NH3, O2

Question 6

organic compounds

Answer 6

biomolecules
– are created by living organisms,
– e.g. proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA

Question 7

consumer

Answer 7

heterotroph
animals

Question 8

producer

Answer 8

autotroph
plants

Question 9

Where do the carbon atoms to make glucose
come from?

Answer 9

carbon dioxide

Question 10

Where does the energy to make glucose come
from?

Answer 10

sun

Question 11

Cellular respiration

Answer 11

process of releasing energy
from biomolecules like glucose to generate ATP

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

instruction for protein

Question 13

protein

Answer 13

determine phenotype (body looks like; body works)

Question 14

mutations

Answer 14

changes to DNA, result in changes in phenotype

Question 15

allele

Answer 15

A mutation in a gene creates a new version of the gene
known as

Question 16

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 16

DNA not contained in nucleus
– No organelles w/ membranes

Question 17

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 17

DNA in nucleus
– Specialized organelles surrounded by membranes
– Usually larger

Question 18

What is broken down in cellular respiration, and what products are created? What is the energy
released from cellular respiration used to do?

Answer 18

cells convers sugars to energy

generate usable ATP

Question 19

Evolution is a change in ________________ in a ______________ over _______________

Answer 19

Evolution is a change in allele frequencies within a
population over generations

Question 20

gene

Answer 20

a segment of DNA with the instructions for making
a specific protein
– Proteins – make/build/run your body

Question 21

allele

Answer 21

different versions of a gene
– Like different recipes for same dish
– Make different variations on the protein
– Make the body look/work differently

Question 22

What causes traits to vary in a population?

Answer 22

natural selection
individuals with certain values of traits tend to
survive and reproduce more in a given environment

differential
reproductive success

Question 23

What conditions must be true in order for natural selection to occur?

Answer 23

There must be variation in a trait
* The variation must be heritable
* The trait must be related to the ability to survive
and/or reproduce

Question 24

Evolutionary fitness

Answer 24

is an individual’s lifetime
reproductive output, compared to other
members of the population

Question 25

Homologous
structures

Answer 25

help establish relationships between extinct and extant species

Question 26

Analogous structures

Answer 26

are ones with the same
function, but different evolutionary origins

Question 27

vestigial structures

Answer 27

no longer has a purpose, but it is
still present because it was inherited from an
ancestor that had it