Lec 6 - All Plants and Seedless Plants 1: Bryophyte

Question 1

Many charophytes

Answer 1

inhabit shallow waters and
are subject to occasional drying, must survive
not submerged

Question 2

Plants evolved from
green algae in

Answer 2

Paleozoic era

Question 3

Fossil evidence indicates that plants were on land

Answer 3

at least 470 million years ago

Question 4

Derived traits of land plants
separate land plants from green algae

Answer 4

Waxy cuticle
2. Stomata
3. Multicellular, dependent embryos
4. Spores produced in sporangia
5. Apical meristems

Question 5

Stomata to allow

Answer 5

CO2 and O2 exchange in air

Question 6

Multicellular, dependent
embryos

Answer 6

Egg retained in adult plant
* Sperm swim to egg
* Sperm fertilizes egg inside female
* Diploid zygote develops into
multicellular diploid embryo within
tissues of female gametophyte
– Protection
– Nutrients transferred from parent to embryo

Question 7

Sporangia

Answer 7

multicellular organs in
sporophyte where spores are produced

Question 8

Spores

Answer 8

are the dispersal stage in seedless
plants

Question 9

Meristems

Answer 9

continual growth apical meristems
* Cells from the apical meristems differentiate into
various tissues

Question 10

Grade

Answer 10

collection of organisms that share key biological
features (but not necessarily monophyletic clade)

Question 11

Bryophytes have rhizoids

Answer 11

root-like structures
For anchoring,
Not for water and mineral absorption
No vascular tissue

Question 12

in bryophytes the green part is

Answer 12

photosynthetic, makes eggs
and sperm

Question 13

The stalk-like structure pf bryophytes has

Answer 13

a sporangia for making
spores for dispersal

Question 14

Bryophytes must live

Answer 14

in moist habitats

Question 15

Liverworts (Bryophyte)

Answer 15

9,000 species
Tiny 2-20 mm wide
can reproduce asexually
* Fragmentation
* Gemmae cups

Question 16

Mosses (Bryophyte)

Answer 16

Asexual reproduction
via fragmentation
have a sporangium on a stalk
found in more habitats than liverworts
* More tolerant of desiccation (can rehydrate)
* Phenols absorb UV
(wetlands, moist forests
cold, dry habitats –
alpine, tundra, deserts)

Question 17

Peat;
Sphagnum moss in wetlands

Answer 17

Decomposition very slow
Submerged, low temp, low O2, acidic
Peat accounts for
¼ of all carbon
stored in soils,
land plants
Peat covers 3% of earth’s surface – store 25% of earth’s
soil/plant carbon
* accumulates faster than decomposes
* 1.5-2.3 m thick
peat bogs dry, air warms
increases decomposition, releasing CO2