review for plant 2 past

Question 1

Bryophytes

Question 2

Angiosperms

Answer 2

flowering plants
Flowers – specialized structures for reproduction
Ovules are inside of Ovaries
Double fertilization
Seeds are contained within fruits

seed plants
all plants

Question 3

Write out the formula for photosynthesis

Answer 3

CO2 + H20 + sunlight (energy)  Glucose + O2

Question 4

Write out the formula for cellular respiration

Answer 4

Glucose + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP (energy)

Question 5

Explain three different things that plants use the glucose they make in photosynthesis to do.

Answer 5

Glucose molecules can also be used as building blocks for more complex carbohydrates (= polysaccharides)
cellulose

Question 6

What are three purposes of plant roots?

Answer 6

Anchor plant in soil
Absorb water and minerals
Store carbs

Question 7

What specific part of the root does the most absorption?

Answer 7

fine roots

Question 8

What is the primary purpose of leaves?

Answer 8

produce food for the plant by photosynthesis
also for green color, absorbs light

Question 9

Why can plants absorb lots of water without rupturing the cell?

Answer 9

When the plant cell becomes full, water still keeps flowing into it due to osmosis

Question 10

dermal plant tissue

Answer 10

Protective outer coating against damage, pathogens, water loss
Non-woody plants
Epidermis covered with waxy cuticle

Question 11

vascular tissue

Answer 11

transport materials throughout plant
structural support
Xylem – water and minerals – root to shoots
Phloem – sugars from sources (mature leaves) to sinks (developing leaves, fruits, flowers)

Question 12

xylem

Answer 12

water conducting cells
- walls hardened with lignin
- dead at maturity
- Creates pipes

Question 13

phloem

Answer 13

alive at maturity
lack many major organelles (nucleus, cytoskeleton…)
Easier for fluids to move through
cell walls are porous
associated with companion cells that carry out metabolic functions for them

Question 14

ground tissue

Answer 14

Makes up most of plant tissue

cells for metabolism, storage, support, photosynthesis
Support:
Long slender cells with thick cell walls
May be reinforced with lignin
Can be bundled together for added strength
These are fibers used to make hemp, linen

Question 15

cuticle

Answer 15

prevents water loss

Question 16

Palisade mesophyl

Answer 16

contains lots of chloroplasts where most photosynthesis happens

Question 17

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 17

also photosynthesis; lots of air spaces for gas exchange

Question 18

Explain the difference between determinate and indeterminate growth

Answer 18

ceasing growth when certain size is reaches

growing throughout life

Question 19

What are apical meristems, where are they located, and what kind of plant growth are they responsible for?

Answer 19

at root and shoot tips
elongation of roots and shoots due to cell division at apical meristems
root caps protect the meristems

Question 20

root cap

Answer 20

protects the apical meristem

Question 21

zone of division

Answer 21

closest to the root tip

Question 22

zone of elongation

Answer 22

cells get longer to get root tip into the soil

Question 23

zone of maturation

Answer 23

part of root rip where it can differentiate into special cell types

Question 24

fungi are ___________________ heterotrophs. First they secrete ____________________________ and
then they _______________________ the digested materials

Answer 24

absorption heterotrophs
hydrolytic enzymes, digest complex
molecules
absorb the smaller molecules

Question 25

What are two reasons that fungi are good decomposers

Answer 25

vital for recycling nutrients in terrestrial systems

Question 26

spore

Answer 26

dispersal stage of fungus

Question 27

mycelium

Answer 27

mass of hyphae

Question 28

hyphae

Answer 28

long, filamentous fungal body one cell thick

Question 29

yeast

Answer 29

single celled fungus

Question 30

plasmogamy

Answer 30

process on which fungal hyphae of different mating types fuse

Question 31

heterokaryote

Answer 31

after fusing, fungus exists as a ___________, meaning it contains nuclei from two different sources

Question 32

karyogamy

Answer 32

fungus may exist in this stage for extended period of time, until the nuclei fuse together in this process ___________, and makes diploid nuclei

Question 33

meiosis

Answer 33

the diploid nucleus undergoes _______ to make haploid spores

Question 34

fungal phylum for Fungi responsible for global amphibian declines

Answer 34

chytrids

Question 35

Includes food molds, known for black sporangia

Answer 35

zygomycota

Question 36

Includes shelf fungi specialized for wood decomposition

Answer 36

Basidiomycota

Question 37

Gut mutualists that help cows digest cellulose

Answer 37

chytrids

Question 38

Participates in arbuscular mycorrhizae mutualism with more than 80% of plants

Answer 38

Glomeromycota

Question 39

Includes the mushrooms and puffballs

Answer 39

basidiomycota

Question 40

Many are involved in a lichen mutualism

Answer 40

Ascomycota or Basidiomycota

Question 41

In the Zygomycota, plasmogamy results in the creation of environmentally-resistant __________________ .

Answer 41

zygosporangia

Question 42

chytrids

Answer 42

Only fungi with flagellated spores * Found in soil, lakes, & marine communities Ecological roles: – Mutualists with animals – Cattle, other grazers– anaerobic fungi aid in digestion of cellulose in rumen Parasites/ pathogens of amphibians * spores enter amphibian skin from water * interferes w/host breathing, hydration, osmoregulation & thermoregulation * global decline in amphibian populations * Has affected 30% of known amphibian species

Question 43

zygomycota

Answer 43

asexual: make identical haploid spores in black sporangia * Made when food is abundant sexual: triggered by deteriorating environment * Running out of food, environment drying out * Plasmogamy results in formation of zygosporangia * Has haploid nuclei from each parent * Resists harsh conditions

Question 44

basidiomycota

Answer 44

Club fungi, mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi sexual: Fruiting body has gills where sexually produced basidiospores are made Decomposer * Basidiomycete shelf fungi are best at breaking down lignin in wood Crop pathogen * rusts; wheat rusts can cause 100% crop losses

Question 45

what are two participants in mycorrhiza? what does each give each other?

Answer 45

Fungi & plants have sym genes to participate in the symbiosis fungus helps give nutrients to plants

Question 46

what are two ways fungi benefit humans

Answer 46

prevent diseases and boost our immune system. with six percent of edible mushrooms possess medicinal properties

Question 47

what are two ways fungi harm humans

Answer 47

fungi can cause parasites, disease, virusus just from ingesting or exposure to harmful fungi Some types of fungi produce spores that cause a form of meningitis, an inflammation of tissue surrounding the brain or spinal cord.

Question 48

animals are

Answer 48

multicellular, eukaryotic, ingestive heterotrophs

Question 49

what domain are animals in

Answer 49

Eukarya

Question 50

How is animal nutrition different from that of fungi?

Answer 50

Animals feed by ingesting their food and using enzymes within their bodies to digest it

Question 51

What do animals have instead of a cell wall? What biomolecule is a major component of it?

Answer 51

animals do not have a cell wall Animals have an extracellular matrix Made of membrane proteins, collagen, fibers * provides structural support