Exam 3: phyla Echinodermata, Chordata

Question 1

phylum Echinodermata

Answer 1

spiny skin
sea stars, sea urchins. sand dollars, sea cucumbers
slow moving, sessile
thin epidermis/ hard exoskeleton

Symmetry
larvae have bilateral symmetry
adults have penta- radial

Question 2

Echinoderms move and eat using a water vascular system

Answer 2

canals branch into tube feet
used for locomotion, feeding

Question 3

Sea stars

Answer 3

all are marine predators on bivalves, sea urchins

short spines
5 arms, can regenerate
ejestable stomach

Question 4

Sea urchins

Answer 4

herbivores on algea, and seaweed
mouth on bottom
prey for sea stars, sea otters, other predators

Question 5

sea cucumbers

Answer 5

detritivores
mouth tentacles used in feeding
modified tube feet
ejestable respiratory tree used to esca[e predators

Question 6

chordates

Answer 6

dueterostomes woth notochords
4 derived traits of chordates

Question 7

chordate notochord

Answer 7

flexible rod for skeletal support
runs the length of the body
between digestive tube and never cord
becomes part of disks between vertebrae in humans

Question 8

dorsal hollow nerve chord

Answer 8

formed from ectoderm rolling into tube
develops into the central nervous system

Question 9

Pharyngeal slits

Answer 9

series of arches allowing water to exit the mouth w/out the digestive tract
pharynx is posterior to mouth

Question 10

Pharyngeal slit functions

Answer 10

invertebrate chordates: filter feeder
fish: gas exchange, gills
tetrapods: becomes part of ear, head, neck

Question 11

tunicates

Answer 11

invertebrate chordates
chordate character as larvae
becomes sessile as adult
filter feeder that moves water through siphons

Question 12

tunicates

Answer 12

incurrent=into, excurrent- out of

pharynx filter food particles
food transferred to esophagus, stomach, intestines

Question 13

hagfish and lampreys arei

Answer 13

chordate vertebrates that evolved before jaws

Question 14

hagfish

Answer 14

bottom-dwelling scavengers, feed on sick, dying fish

Question 15

lampreys

Answer 15

parasites on other fish

Question 16

gnathostomes

Answer 16

all jawed from gill arches
prey capture
-prevents escape

Question 17

cartilaginous fishes

Answer 17

sharks, skates, rays
sharks swim to breathe
oily liver for buoyancy
powerful swimmers: dorsal fins for stability, pectoral and pelvic fins for maneuvering

Question 18

placoid scales

Answer 18

tiny teeth

Question 19

ray finned fishes

Answer 19

movement of operculum (bony flap over gills) and muscles draws water into gills

water in mouth, through pharynx, out of gills

Question 20

ray finned fish have a

Answer 20

lung derivative called a swim bladder
air filled sac, allows fish to adjust its buoyancy at differnt depths

Question 21

lobe finned fish

Answer 21

rod-shaped bones and thick muscle in pectoral and pelvic fins
3 extant lingeages of lobe finned fish
Coelocanths, lungfishes, tetrapods

Question 22

birds are

Answer 22

endothermic-
maintain own body heatthrough metabolism
four chambered heart
down feathers for fat for insulation
brooding to keep eggs warm