Lec 10- plant form and physiology

Question 1

what does the plant do with the glucose it makes

Answer 1

glucose is a monosaccharide/single sugar unit/simple sugar
used as quick source of energy for cells

Glycogen – glucose polymer – storage in animals
Chitin - glucose polymer – structure in arthropods

quick source of energy for cells
main substrate for cellular respiration=make ATP

Question 2

what does the plant do with the glucose it makes

Answer 2

Glucose molecules can also be used as building blocks for more complex carbohydrates (= polysaccharides)

Starch – energy storage carb in plants
Potatoes; endosperm of corn, wheat, rice

Cellulose –structural carbohydrate in plant cell walls
Fibers: cotton, linen, rayon
wood pulp for paper, paperboard, cardstock
40-50% wood

Question 3

primary root

Answer 3

first to emerge from germinating seed

Question 4

lateral roots

Answer 4

branches from primary

Question 5

root hairs

Answer 5

extention of root epidermal cells; increase absorptive area
most water and mineral absorption occurs through root hairs

Question 6

Mychorrhizea

Answer 6

mutualistic fungus that associates with plant roots
80% of plants have this
fungal hyphae increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals, especially Phosphorous

Question 7

Pneumatophores

Answer 7

absorption oxygen in waterlogged, low oxygen soils
ex: swamps, mangroves

Question 8

what are the primary functions of the stem

Answer 8

orient leaves for max photosynthesis
elevate reproduction structures to faciliate pollen, fruit, seed dispersal

Question 9

rhizomes

Answer 9

horizontal stems
vertical shoots emerge from

Question 10

tubers

Answer 10

specialized for storage “eyes” are axillary buds

Question 11

functions of leaves

Answer 11

Absorb light
Exchange gases
Dissipate heat
Defense

Consist of petioles and blades, vascular tissue in veins

Question 12

large central vacuole

Answer 12

store water, allow plant to absorb water w/o diluting cytoplasm, maintain turgor pressure

Question 13

plastids

Answer 13

chloroplasts and chlorophyll

Question 14

three plant tissue systems

Answer 14

dermal, ground, vascular

Question 15

dermal tissue

Answer 15

Protective outer coating against damage, pathogens, water loss

Question 16

types of dermal tissue

Answer 16

non-woody plants
-epidermis covered with waxy cuticle

Question 17

dermal tissue

Answer 17

Woody plants
bark replaces epidermis in older regions of stem and roots

Question 18

Specialized dermal cells in shoots

Answer 18

Guard cells – open and close stomata

Stomata - pores for gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis
Open and close to conserve water

Question 19

trichomes

Answer 19

specialized dermal cells in shoots
defense against herbivores

Question 20

xylem

Answer 20

water conducting cells
- walls hardened with lignin
- dead at maturity
- Creates pipes

Question 21

adhesion

Answer 21

attraction between two dif molecules

Water in xylem adheres to cellulose in cell walls b/c of hydrogen bonds

Question 21

cohesion

Answer 21

attraction between same type of molecule
Water molecules have cohesion because of hydrogen bonds

Question 22

phloem

Answer 22

alive at maturity
lack many major organelles (nucleus, cytoskeleton…)
Easier for fluids to move through
cell walls are porous
associated with companion cells that carry out metabolic functions for them

Question 23

sugar source

Answer 23

net producer of sugar
-mature leaves