Lec 9- Seed Plants 2: Angiosperms

Question 1

% of angiosperms

Answer 1

90% of all plant species are

Question 2

where did flowering plants evolve from

Answer 2

evolve and diversify in the Cretaceous period

Question 3

Angiosperms = Phylum

Answer 3

flowering plants
Phylum Anthophyta

Question 4

Derived traits of angiosperms

Answer 4

1. flowers- specialized structures for reproduction
2. ovules are inside of ovaries
3. double fertilization
4. seeds are contained within fruits

Question 5

sepals

Answer 5

enclose unopened flower

Question 6

petals

Answer 6

often brightly colored related to pollinated more to attract pollinators

Question 7

birds pollinate mainly

Answer 7

red flowers, lots of nectar and no scents

Question 8

bees pollinate mainly

Answer 8

yellow and blue type colors

Question 9

moths pollinate mainly

Answer 9

light colors and strong scents

Question 10

stamens produce

Answer 10

pollen inside of microsporangia

Question 11

Carpels where eggs, seeds, fruit made

Answer 11

stigma receives pollen
Pollen tube grows down style
ovary contains ovules
Fertilized ovule becomes seed
Ovary becomes fruit

Question 12

ventral

Answer 12

tummy side

Question 13

pollen grain consists of two cells

Answer 13

tube cell, generative cell

Question 14

tube cell

Answer 14

will become the pollen tube
-has haploid nucleus

Question 15

generative cell

Answer 15

that will become sperm
-inside the tube cell
-haploid nucleus
stigma receives pollen
Pollen tube grows down style
ovary contains ovules
Fertilized ovule becomes seed
Ovary becomes fruit

Question 16

double fertilization

Answer 16

One sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg = makes zygote (2n)
One sperm nucleus joins with the two polar nuclei to make a triploid (3n) endosperm

Question 17

fleshy fruit

Answer 17

wall of ovary softens as ripens
-zucchini, cucumbers, kiwi, peppers etc
(Acacia seedlings in elephant poop
Some plants have to pass through digestive system
For dispersal – why?
Get away from parent, don’t want to compete for resources with parent)

Question 18

dry fruit

Answer 18

dry at maturity
-evolved to scatter and or be collected and stored by animals
-some dry fruits open at maturity to shed seeds
(Legumes – develop from 1 carpel, split along two sides (beans, peas)
Follicle – 1 carpel, splits along one side
Capsule – develops from several carpels)

Question 19

Ecdysozoans (from different lecture)

Answer 19

have to mold to grow, have cuticle around them, have to shed it when get bigger

Question 20

some dry fruits that do not open at maturity

Answer 20

nut- one seeded dry fruit, thick, hard wall
grain- one seeded dry fruit, ovary wall fused to seed coat
some dry fruits are dispersed by the wind

Question 21

structure of the mature seed

Answer 21

The embryo and its food supply are enclosed by a hard, protective seed coat
The seed enters a state of dormancy
A mature seed is only about 5–15% water

Question 22

some nutrients from endosperms sent to

Answer 22

cotyledons

Question 23

radicle

Answer 23

embryonic root

Question 24

germination info

Answer 24

starts when the seed uptakes water

radicle (embryonic root) emerges first; the developing root system anchors the plant

Next, the shoot tip breaks through the soil surface