Review 9

Question 1

Which of the following correctly matches the layer of the skin with its key function?

Dermis: Contains melanocytes, responsible for producing skin pigment.

Epidermis: Provides a barrier to water and pathogens.

Epidermis: Contains connective tissue, sweat glands, and blood vessels.

Hypodermis: Houses actively dividing keratinocytes.

Answer 1

Epidermis: Provides a barrier to water and pathogens.

Question 2

How does the skin primarily contribute to cooling the body during hyperthermia?

Evaporation of sweat from eccrine glands located in the dermis.

Contraction of arrector pili muscles to trap heat near the skin.

Vasoconstriction of surface capillaries to decrease heat loss.

Activation of sebaceous glands to produce an oily barrier.

Answer 2

Evaporation of sweat from eccrine glands located in the dermis.

Question 3

People with albinism have a defect in tyrosinase, an oxidase that helps to control skin pigment production. In what epidermal layer is tyrosinase active?

Stratum granulosum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale

Answer 3

Stratum basale

Question 4

Which structures contain connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves?

Papillary dermis only

Papillary and reticular dermis

Epidermis, papillary dermis, and reticular dermis

Reticular dermis only

Answer 4

Papillary and reticular dermis

Question 5

he phenomenon known as “goosebumps” is often combined with shivering to reduce heat loss. What integumentary layer is most directly related to this reflex?

Papillary dermis

Epidermis

Hypodermis

Reticular dermis

Answer 5

Reticular dermis

Question 6

Hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating, especially at the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Which of the following could cause this disorder?

Increased sweat at the base of hair follicles

Apocrine gland activation with puberty

Higher density of holocrine glands

Increased stimulation of merocrine glands

Answer 6

Increased stimulation of merocrine glands

Question 7

Why does eating jalapeno peppers feel “hot”?

Molecules in the pepper bind the same receptors responsible for thermoregulation

Molecules in the pepper stimulate the posterior pituitary, like the heat response

Molecules in the pepper trigger vasodilation through endothelial receptors in blood vessels

Molecules in the pepper destroy cells, which triggers a pain response that follows the same pathway as the heat response

Answer 7

Molecules in the pepper bind the same receptors responsible for thermoregulation