Review 3 Flashcards
Histology could be defined as a study of________.
A) cells
B) tissues
C) cell chemistry
D) the gross structures of the body
B) tissues
The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is __________ anatomy.
A) microscopic B) gross
C) developmental
D) systemic
B) gross
An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be an example of ________.
A) maintaining boundaries
B) excretion of metabolic waste
C) responsiveness
D) metabolism
B) excretion of metabolic waste
Normal body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade. A) 98
B) 68 C) 47 D) 37
D) 37
If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis then the wall thermostat would be the ________.
A) control center B) receptor
C) effector
D) variable
A) control center
The purpose of negative feedback is ________.
A) to control all levels of the bodyʹs systems
B) to prevent sudden and severe changes within the body
C) to keep the bodyʹs sugar ʺnormalʺ
D) to regulate
B) to prevent sudden and severe changes within the body
________ is the specific name for the hip.
A) Manus
B) Inguinal
C) Pedal
D) Coxal
D) Coxal
An oblique cut is one that ________.
A) is cut horizontal right and left
B) is cut between the vertical and horizontal
C) is cut vertical right and left
D) is cut perpendicular to vertical and horizontal
B) is cut between the vertical and horizontal
The heart lies in the ________ cavity.
A) dorsal mediastium
B) ventral pleural
C) dorsal pericardial
D) ventral pericardial
D) ventral pericardial
________ cavities are spaces between bones.
A) Nasal
B) Synovial
C) Orbital
D) Oral
B) Synovial
A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be ________.
A) a complex tissue
B) an organ system
C) an organ
D) a complex cell
C) an organ
The cavities between bones are called __________ cavities.
A) parietal
B) pericardial
C) vertebral
D) synovial
D) synovial
Which of the following would not be functional characteristics of life?
A) movement
B) responsiveness to external stimuli
C) maintenance of boundaries
D) decay
D) decay
________ means toward or at the back of the body, behind.
A) Anterior
B) Lateral
C) Distal
D) Dorsal
D) Dorsal
The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60 to 80% of body weight, is ________.
A) oxygen
B) protein
C) water
D) hydrogen
C) water
The posterior side of the patella would be called ________.
A) sural
B) crural
C) antecubital
D) popliteal
D) popliteal
Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?
A) Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host.
B) Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.
C) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. D) Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.
C) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________.
A) body erect
B) arms at sides
C) palms turned posteriorly
D) thumbs pointed laterally
C) palms turned posteriorly
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.
A) body temperature regulation
B) regulating glucose levels in the blood
C) enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin D) blood calcium level regulation
C) enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin
A parasagittal plane is ________.
A) a transverse cut just above the knees
B) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves
C) any sagittal plane except the median
D) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior
C) any sagittal plane except the median
Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?
A) appendix
B) stomach
C) liver
D) intestines
D) intestines
The parietal pleural would represent a serous membrane ________.
A) covering individual lungs
B) lining the thoracic cavity
C) covering the heart
D) lining the abdominal cavity
B) lining the thoracic cavity
Which one of the following is considered a functional system rather than an organ system?
A) endocrine
B) lymphatic
C) immune
D) nervous
C) immune
Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. A) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.
B) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.
C) Developmental anatomy: study of the changes in an individual from birth through old age.
D) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.
C) Developmental anatomy: study of the changes in an individual from birth through old age.
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________. A) the lowest possible energy usage
B) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
C) a static state with no deviation from preset points
D) a dynamic state within an unlimited range
B) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
The lungs are located in the following cavities ________.
A) pleural, ventral, and thoracic
B) mediastinum, thoracic, and ventral
C) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal
D) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic
A) pleural, ventral, and thoracic
Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.
A) Serosa are very thin, doublelayered structures.
B) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential space between the two.
C) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart.
D) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.
C) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart.
Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:
1. molecules
2. atoms
3. tissues
4. cells
5. organ
A) 12345
B) 21435
C) 21345
D) 12435
B) 21435
Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a personʹs brain?
A) X ray
B) DSA
C) PET
D) MRI
D) MRI
Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?
A) cranial cavity
B) thoracic cavity
C) spinal cord
D) vertebral cavity
B) thoracic cavity
The spleen is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant?
A) right upper
B) right lower
C) left upper
D) left lower
C) left upper
Which of the following statements is most correct of homeostatic imbalance? A) It is considered the cause of most diseases.
B) The internal environment is becoming more stable.
C) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.
D) Negative feedback mechanisms take over.
A) It is considered the cause of most diseases.
Subdivisions of anatomy include ________.
A) gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic
B) gross, regional, dissection, and surface
C) regional, surface, visual, and microscopic
D) gross, regional, systemic, and surface
D) gross, regional, systemic, and surface
The term pollex refers to the ________.
A) great toe
B) calf
C) fingers
D) thumb
D) thumb
The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?
A) intestines
B) brain
C) lungs
D) liver
B) brain
Select the statement that is most correct.
A) The immune system is a functional system rather than a structural system.
B) Organ systems operate independently to maintain life.
C) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.
D) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.
A) The immune system is a functional system rather than a structural system.
One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to ________. A) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
B) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
C) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger D) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce
B) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
Survival needs of the body include ________.
A) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction
B) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction
C) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement
D) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
D) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
The frontal plane is also called the ______ plane.
A) vertical
B) oblique
C) coronal
D) median
C) coronal
The anatomical position is used ________.
A) rarely, because people donʹt usually assume this position
B) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body
C) only when a body is lying down
D) as the most comfortable way to stand when dissecting a cadaver
B) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body
A horizontal section through the body is called ________.
A) frontal
B) regional
C) sagittal
D) transverse
D) transverse
A vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, is called ________.
A) frontal
B) regional
C) sagittal
D) transverse
C) sagittal
A vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior, is called ________.
A) frontal
B) median
C) sagittal
D) transverse
A) frontal
Which body cavity protects the nervous system?
A) Cranial
B) Dorsal
C) Vertebral
D) Thoracic
B) Dorsal
________ consist of similar cells that have a common function.
Tissues
The ________ system secretes hormones that regulate growth processes and nutrient usage by body cells.
endocrine
________ is a term that describes the back of the elbow
olecranal
________ is a term that describes the heel region.
Calcaneal
The elbow is ________ to the wrist.
Proximal
The ________ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of hearing in the inner ear.
middle ear
________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems.
Physiology
________ is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment.
Homeostasis
The ________ cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum.
Pelvic
________ peritoneum is the serous membrane that covers the intestines.
Visceral
________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function.
Renal
________ is a broad term that covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells.
Metabolism
What is the function of the serous membranes?
They act to reduce friction and allow the organs to slide across cavity walls.
Fully describe the anatomical position for the human body.
The body is erect, arms hanging at the sides, palms forward, and thumbs pointed away from the
midline.
Gross anatomy refers to:
Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain.
The higher we go in the mountains the greater the atmospheric pressure which causes a loss of oxygen. Comment on this statement.
Why is anatomical terminology necessary?
The lungs are ________ to the skin.
The five cavities of the head are cranial, oral, nasal, middle ear, and ______.
A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others?
A surgeon removed a section of tissue along a transverse plane for microscopic examination. What two names would the section be called?
Judy is 16 years old and collapses on the gym floor in severe pain to her chest wall. She is rushed by ambulance to the emergency room. Judy is diagnosed with pleurisy and is given an antiinflammatory through the intravenous route. Explain why an antiinflammatory would be prescribed for someone with pleurisy.
Explain why an 80yearold woman requires a much longer time to recover from the flu versus a woman who is age 30.
The nurse charted: ʺClient has an open wound located on lateral aspect of leg.ʺ Describe where the wound is located.
The client was admitted to the hospital with hypertension. The development of arteriosclerosis has increased peripheral resistance to blood flow, worsening his hypertension. This is an example of what type of feedback loop and why?
