Review 1 Flashcards
What is physiology the study of?
Processes that allow organisms to function
Physiology includes the study of anatomical features, cellular metabolism, and the development of organ systems.
Which term best describes someone who examines the properties of lining and glandular epithelia?
Histologist
A glycoprotein is an example of a structure at the ____________ level.
Chemical
The _________________ system includes the skin.
Integumentary
Which definition best describes homeostasis?
The ability to keep the internal environment fairly constant.
A negative feedback system is best defined as?
A system that minimizes changes from a set point.
True or False: Positive feedback systems are more common than negative feedback systems.
False
If an organ starts to experience low levels of oxygen, it can release chemicals that dilate local blood vessels. This brings more oxygen to the organ and is an example of:
a. negative feedback.
b. positive feedback.
c. extrinsic regulation.
d. thermoregulation.
a. negative feedback
The __________________ of a cell separates the intracellular space from the extracellular space.
Plasma membrane
About 20% of the lipids in the plasma membrane are?
a. phospholipids.
b. glycoproteins.
c. glycocalyx.
d. peripheral membrane lipids. e. cholesterol molecules.
e. Cholesterol molecules.
A protein attached loosely to the surface of a plasma membrane is called?
a. an integral membrane protein.
b. a cholesterol protein.
c. a peripheral membrane protein.
d. a transmembrane protein.
c. A peripheral membrane protein.
A _____________ between two cells allows small molecules to move freely between the two cells.
a. desmosome
b. gap junction
c. tight junction
d. All of the answers above are correct. e. None of the answers above is correct.
b. Gap junction
A mechanism of transport across a cellular membrane is considered passive if?
It does not require direct expenditure of energy by the cell.
Which one of the following statements is true?
a. Channels may be used for facilitated transport of polar molecules.
b. Most polar molecules can cross a plasma membrane by simple diffusion.
c. Small, charged molecules can generally pass directly through lipid bilayers.
d. Carbon dioxide can cross a plasma membrane by osmosis.
e. Facilitated diffusion allows particles to move from low to high concentrations.
a. Channels may be used for facilitated transport of polar molecules.
The drug Procaine (also known as Novocaine) blocks sodium (Na+) channels in plasma membranes. Given this information, which one of the following statements is most likely true about a cell bathed in a solution that contains Procaine?
a. There will be no osmosis across the cell’s plasma membrane.
b. Na+ will diffuse directly across the lipid bilayer.
c. Na+ will be unable to cross the membrane by facilitated diffusion. d. Mitochondria will not be able to generate ATP.
e. Na+ will diffuse from a low concentration to a high concentration.
c. Na+ will be unable to cross the membrane by facilitated diffusion.
Hydrostatic pressure forces particles through holes in the membrane. This is an example of?
a. fluidphase endocytosis b. exocytosis
c. filtration
d. phagocytosis
e. receptormediated endocytosis
c. Filtration.
One cell engulfs another cell. This process is called?
a. fluidphase endocytosis b. exocytosis
c. filtration
d. phagocytosis
e. receptormediated endocytosis
d.Phagocytosis.
There are four main tissue types in the human body. Epithelial and connective are two of the four tissue types. Which one of the following tissues is one of the other main tissue types?
a. areolar b. liver
c. bone d. muscle
d.muscle
Every specific type of tissue contains just one type of cell. T/F
False
Extra strength in stratified squamous tissue of the skin is provided by?
Desmosomes.
In the digestive tract, the apical surface is lined with __________ to aid in absorption.
Microvilli.
Every specific type of tissue contains just one type of cell. True or False?
False.
The proliferation of fibrous connective tissue at the site of an injury is called?
Fibrosis.
The study of changes that occur in the body prior to birth is?
Embryology.
The ___________ system consists of glands that secrete hormones.
Endocrine.
According to the fluid mosaic model, a cell membrane is made of?
a. phospholipids.
b. cholesterol.
c. proteins.
d. All of the responses above are correct.
e. None of the responses above is correct.
d. All of the responses above are correct.
_____________ are most likely found between cells where it is important to prevent fluids moving between the cells.
a. Tight junctions
b. Desmosomes
c. Gap junctions
d. All of the responses above are correct.
e. None of the responses above is correct.
a. Tight junctions.
A “semi-permeable membrane” is best described as a membrane that?
Restricts passage of some particles and allows others to pass freely.
Which one of the following molecules can pass directly through a lipid bilayer?
a. glucose
b. potassium ions (K+)
c. protein
d. carbon dioxide (CO2)
Carbon dioxide (CO2).
A white blood cell engulfs a bacteria. This is an example of?
Phagocytosis.
Consider a cell in a beaker of fluid. The osmolarity inside the cell is 300 mOsm, and the osmolarity of the fluid that surrounds the cell is 350 mOsm.
The osmotic pressure is
a. greater inside the cell.
b. greater in the fluid that surrounds the cell.
c. equal inside the cell and in the fluid that surrounds the cell.
d. None of the responses above is correct.
True.
Consider a cell in a beaker of fluid. The osmolarity inside the cell is 300 mOsm, and the osmolarity of the fluid that surrounds the cell is 350 mOsm.
The cell is ___________ compared to the fluid that surrounds the cell.
Hypertonic.
Consider a cell in a beaker of fluid. The osmolarity inside the cell is 300 mOsm, and the osmolarity of the fluid that surrounds the cell is 350 mOsm.
There will be net movement of water __________.
From the cell into the surrounding fluid.
A phospholipid is an example of organization at the ______ level?
a.chemical
b.tissue
c.organ
d.organism
e.organ system
a.chemical
Positive feedback systems
a. increase deviations from a normal state.
b. are more common than negative feedback systems.
c. may not be used to maintain homeostasis.
d. More than one of the responses above is correct.
e. None of the responses above is correct.
a. increase deviations from a normal state.
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue?
a. It consists mostly of cells.
b. Epithelial cells are held together with specialized contacts.
c. Epithelial tissue contains no blood vessels.
d. Sheets of epithelial tissue are supported by underlying muscle.
e. None of the responses above is correct.
d. Sheets of epithelial tissue are supported by underlying muscle.
______________ is NOT a type of epithelial tissue.
a. Transitional epithelium
b. Simple squamous epithelium
c. Columnar cuboidal epithelium
d. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
e. Stratified squamous epithelium
c. Columnar cuboidal epithelium
The basement membrane of an epithelium is found a. on the apical surface.
b. only in stratified epithelia.
c. in microvilli.
d. between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue.
e. None of the responses above is correct.
d. between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue.
In the digestive tract, the apical surface is lined with microvilli to aid in absorption. What type of epithelium?
a. simple squamous epithelium
b. simple cuboidal epithelium
c. simple columnar epithelium
d. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
e. stratified squamous epithelium
c. simple columnar epithelium
This tissue lines the external surface of the body, the mouth, and the esophagus.
a. simple squamous epithelium
b. simple cuboidal epithelium
c. simple columnar epithelium
d. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
e. stratified squamous epithelium
e. stratified squamous epithelium
Which one of the following statements is true?
a. All connective tissues have an extensive blood supply.
b. Dense connective tissues contain collagen, but cartilage does not.
c. Connective tissue fibers are made of ground substance.
d. Bones, blood, and tendons arise from mesenchyme tissue.
e. Collagen fibers are flexible and easily stretched.
d. Bones, blood, and tendons arise from mesenchyme tissue.
- ___________ is a type of connective tissue proper.
a. Bone
b. Blood
c. Lymph
d. Elastic cartilage
e. None of the responses above is correct
e. None of the responses above is correct
Which one of the following statements is true?
a. Endocrine glands produce “secretions” and exocrine glands produce “excretions.”
b. Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream.
c. Exocrine glands release their products into the lymph.
d. Multicellular endocrine glands release their products through ducts. e. Endocrine glands contain epithelial tissue, but exocrine glands do not.
b. Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream.
The ___________ system consists of glands that secrete hormones.
a. integumentary
b. lymphatic/immune
c. nervous
d. endocrine
e. urinary
d. endocrine
Which one of the following is an example of positive feedback?
a. blood pressure drops—the heart begins to fail—blood pressure drops further
b. blood glucose level falls—the liver releases glucose—blood glucose rises
c. body temperature rises—sweat glands release more sweat—the body cools
d. blood CO2 rises—the brain triggers a deep breath of air—blood CO2 falls
a. blood pressure drops—the heart begins to fail—blood pressure drops further
Cholesterol is an example of a structure at the ____________ level.
a. chemical
b. tissue
c. organ
d. organism
e. organ system
a.Chemical
