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Clinical Chemistry II - 4378 > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiac markers:

AMI:

A

Myoglobin, Troponin I & T, CK-MB

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2
Q

Cardiac markers:

CHF:

A

BNP

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3
Q

What is a very reliable cardiac marker?

A

troponin

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4
Q

Cardiac markers:

_____________ is cleared first because it is filtered through the kidneys.

A

myoglobin

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5
Q

Diagnosis of AMI:

-not specific to cardiac tissue – found in various other tissues as well
-Rises about 4-8 hours after infarction
Peaks at 12-24 hours

A

Elevated LDH

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6
Q

Diagnosis of AMI:

heart specific
Rises about 4-8 hours after infarction
Peaks at 12-24 hours

A

CK-MB

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7
Q

Diagnosis of AMI:

Following AMI, levels begin to rise 306 hours
Peak at 14-24 hours
Return to normal in 5-10 days

A

Troponins

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8
Q

Diagnosis of AMI:

FOR EARLY DETECTION of AMI – leaks 1-3 hours of onset
Peak is reached 5-12 hours

A

Myoglobin

-(non-specific)

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9
Q

What vitamins function as hormones?

A

(Vit A & D)

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10
Q

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin A, E, D, and K***

-Absorbed as part of the chylomicron

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11
Q

What is the name for vitamin E?

A

Tocopherol

-alpha form is most studied

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12
Q

-Antioxidant
-Protects cell membrane (RBC) from oxidation of lipids in the membrane
-Therapeutically to prevent hemolytic anemia (Premature newborns)
-Anti-aging, cardio and neuro protection

A

Vit. E

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13
Q

What is the name for vitamin K?

A

Hydroquinone

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14
Q

What coagulation factors require vitamin K?

A

II, VII, IX, X, protein C & S

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15
Q

What is the name for Vit. D3?
D2?

A

Cholecalciferol

Calciferol (dietary form)

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16
Q

What is the function of vit. D?

A

Calcitriol enhances Ca2+ uptake from the GI and increases the release of Ca2+ from bone into blood.

17
Q

What does Vit. D deficiencies cause?

A

Bone malformations → Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.

18
Q

Involved in catecholamine synthesis: tyrosine conversion to the catecholamines via dopamine B-hydroxylase. Adrenal (medulla) have much higher concentration

A

Vit. C

19
Q

[Vit C]plasma <13uM

Impaired collagen synthesis
Breakdown of connective tissue (gum and tooth disease, bone disease, poor wound healing)
Symptoms: weakness, irritability, pains in joints/muscles
Bleeding into skin, GI tract and urinary tract

A

SCURVY

20
Q

What is Riboflavin called?

A

(FMN, FAD+)

21
Q

Serves as a cofactor in a variety of oxidative reactions:
-Fatty acid oxidation
-TCA cycle reactions
-Oxidative phosphorylation in the respiratory chain
-Important in metabolism of iron, pyridoxine, and folic acid
-May help protect from oxidants

A

Riboflavin (FMN, FAD+)

22
Q

Group of compounds structurally related to pyridoxal phosphate (P5P, PLP)

Functions:
-Important co-factors for catalysts in transamination (transferase) and decarboxylation of amine acids
-Active in >60 enzyme systems

A

Pyridoxine

23
Q

-Coenzyme: the active cofactor forms: collectively called the ‘pyridine nucleotides’
-compound of the coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+:

A

Niacin (Nicotinic acid)

24
Q

NAD+ and NADP+: involved in oxidation-reduction reaction
Example: glutamate dehydrogenase, LDH and G6PDH

A

Niacin (Nicotinic acid)

25
Q

Niacin deficiency causes a condition called _________.

A

pellagra

Early symptoms include lethargy, anorexia, weakness, digestive disturbances, weight loss, dermatitis
Late symptoms: Include mucus membrane inflammation
Result in diarrhea, urethritis, and vaginitis
Mental disturbances with disorientation

26
Q

**Pellagra is sometimes hallmarked by the ‘3 D’s- …

A

Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia’

27
Q

What is the name for B1?

A

Thiamine

28
Q

it is a cofactor in enzymatic decarboxylation of ketoacids in the formation of ketols

A

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

29
Q

What is the name for B7?

A

Biotin

30
Q

________ is heat sensitive and poorly soluble in water.

A

Biotin

31
Q

What is the name for B3/B5?

A

Pantothenic acid

32
Q

Involved in fatty acid metabolism

A

Pantothenic acid (B3/B5)

33
Q

What is the name for B12?

A

Cobalamin

34
Q

What is the name for Folic acid?

A

pteroylglutamic acid

35
Q

What is the name for bt?

A

Carnitine

Clinical Chemistry II - 4378 (28 decks)

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