EXAM C Flashcards
What is the formula for osmolality?
2Na + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)
How to calculate molarity
moles of solute / volume of solution
What is used to bind to inorganic phosphate?
Molybdenum Blue
What could cause hyponatremia?
-vomiting/diarrhea with adequate water intake
-sweating, burns
-renal reabsorption disease
-hypoaldosteronism (Addison’s’s disease)
-polyuria and osmotic diuresis (diabetes mellitus)
Normal range for sodium?
135-145 mmol/L
How is calcium and magnesium related?
directly
How is chloride and sodium related?
directly
How is phosphate and calcium related?
inversely
normal range for potassium?
3.5-5.2 eEq/L
normal range for calcium?
9.2-11 eEq/L
Normal range for magnesium?
1.3-2.1 eEq/L
Normal range for bicarbonate?
22-26 eEq/L
Normal range for chloride?
98-106 eEq/L
is phosphorous intra or extracellular?
intracellular
Normal range for phosphorus?
2.3-4.7
Hyperchloremia: Metabolic __________
acidosis
-Due to the ⬆ of Cl- that replaces [HCO3-] which ⬇ to compensate for the H+ production.
Hypochloremia: Metabolic ___________
alkalosis
-⬇ Cl- causes alkalosis from prolonged vomiting or an ⬆ in renal reabsorption of [HCO3-].
Insulin excess → will ____________ potassium
decrease
-Insulin will increase uptake of glucose by cells → more cellular respiration → ATP production will increase → activity of the sodium-potassium ATPase will be increased leading to decreased serum potassium levels.
What will happen if a blood gas sample is exposed to air?
Increase pH?
anemia of chronic infection lab values?
Iron Levels: ⬇ decreased
Transferrin % Saturation: decreased
TIBC: ⬇
Ferritin levels: Normal to high
PTH regulates _____level being reabsorbed in the intestine.
Mg+2
validation is used to….
check if the QC is good by what the manufacturer says
Verification is….
what an MLS must do before sending out results
Definition of calibration
the functional relationship between measured values and analytical quantities.
What is the transport time for arterial blood samples?
two hours in glass and 15 min in plastic ontainer
Increased Cl and Na could mean…
cystic fibrosis
What do the labs look like with bone disease?
osteoporosis the levels of Ca2+, phosphorus, and PTH are within normal limits. The levels of Ca2+and phosphorus are decreased while PTH increases in osteomalacia conditions. Levels of Ca2+ are increased, phosphorus is decreased, and PTH is increased.
What do labs look like with malabsorption?
Ca2+ & phosphorus ⬇ while PTH ⬆
What do labs look like with renal failure?
Ca2+ and PTH ⬆ and phosphate⬇ levels.
What do labs look like with liver disease?
all levels of Ca2+, phosphorus, and PTH ⬇
What are the labs with primary hyperparathyroidism?
PTH: increased
Calcium: increased
Phosphate: decreased
What are the labs with secondary hyperparathyroidism?
PTH: increased
Calcium: low to normal
Phosphate: low to high
What are the labs with primary hypoparathyroidism?
PTH: decreased
Calcium: decreased
Phosphate: Increased
What are the labs with Pseudohypoparathyroidism?
PTH: Increased
Calcium: decreased
Phosphate: Increased (opposite of primary HP)
What are the labs with secondary hypoparathyroidism?
PTH: decreased
Calcium: decreased
Phosphate: increased or decreased (depends on the severity of hypomagnesemia)