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Clinical Chemistry II - 4378 > EXAM D > Flashcards

EXAM D Flashcards

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1
Q

name for vitamin B1?

A

Thiamine

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2
Q

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, and K

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3
Q

Name for Vit. D?

A

calciferol, calcitriol, 1,25-dihydrocyvitamin D

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4
Q

what is the name for vit. E?

A

tocopherol and tocotrienol

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5
Q

what is the name for vit. K?

A

phytomenadione or vit. K hydroquinone

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6
Q

what is B1?

A

thiamine

active form: thiamine pyrophosphate (TTP)

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7
Q

what is B2?

A

riboflavin

active form: FMN/FMH2 or FAD/FADH2

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8
Q

What is B3?

A

niacin

NAD+ or NADH or NADP+ NADPH

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9
Q

What is B5?

A

panthothenic acid

active form panthenol

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10
Q

what is B6?

A

pyridoxine

active form: pyridoxal phosphate

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11
Q

What is B7?

A

biotin

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12
Q

What is B9?

A

folate

active form: 5-Methyletrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) or folinic acid

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13
Q

What is B12?

A

cobalamin

active form: cobamamide Methylcobalamin

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14
Q

If a case involving a technologist is brought to court, the court must prove?

A

negligence according to new lab management first PP

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15
Q

How should you measure precision?

A

Test three known elevated samples

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16
Q

how will elevated thyroid (T4 and TSH) affect pregnancy?

A

-pregnancy and estrogen will increase T4 and TSH
-a normal pregnancy will have elevated T4 and normal TSH

Pregnancy: ⬆ estrogen → causes an ⬆ Thyroxine-Binding-Globulin (TBG) → causes an ⬆T4 activity but ⬇free T4 is seen (more hormones are bound to carrier protein)

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17
Q

In Hyperthyroidism → TSH levels ___________ and Free T4 __________

A

decrease, increase

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18
Q

In Pregnancy → TSH levels _______ and Free T4 _____.

A

normal-⬇

decreased

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19
Q

___________ can also be used when differentiating pregnancy and instances of autoimmune Hyperthyroidism like Graves Disease.

A

Antibody assays

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20
Q

________ Disease: most common cause of thyrotoxicosis (excessive production of TH and response of peripheral tissues to excess TH)

A

Graves

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21
Q

Autoimmune production of an AB that resembles TSH → Inappropriate stimulation of thyroid gland → uncontrolled ⬆ in secretion of T4 and T3 → Hyperthyroidism

A

Graves Disease

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22
Q

Beers law

A

unknown abs / standard absorbance

x STD conc.

*A = 2-log%T

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23
Q

FTI =

A

(T3 uptake x T4)/100

24
Q

FTI measures unbound ______

A

TBG

25
Q

Free thyroxine index:

A

T4 x T3 uptake

26
Q

T3 uptake: measure of unbound TBG
Since > 99.9% of TH is bound to ________→ any alteration in thyroid-binding proteins can frequently lead to total T4/T3 levels out of range.

A

protein

27
Q

Primary or Secondary hypothyroidism?

thyroid secretes insufficient T3 and T4
⬆ TSH and ⬇ T4 and T3 (+) autoantibody → Hashimotos

A

Primary

28
Q

Primary or Secondary hypothyroidism?

Pituitary secretes insufficient TSH
⬇ TSH and ⬇ T4 and T3

A

secondary

29
Q

Addisons or cushings disease?

Aldosterone ⬇
Cortisol ⬇
Na ⬇
Cl ⬇
Hb ⬇
Urinary steroids ⬇

A

Addison’s

30
Q

Addisons or cushing’ disease?

Aldosterone ⬆
Cortisol ⬆(no diurnal variation)
Na ⬆
Cl ⬆
Glucose ⬆ (DM)
Urinary steroids ⬆
“Buffalo hump”

A

Cushing’s

31
Q

_______ is more sensitive than the other catecholamine metabolites like metanephrine and normetanephrine.

A

VMA*

32
Q

Catecholamines = ____ metabolite

A

VMA

33
Q

monoamine that contains catechol and amine side chain

A

Catecholamine

34
Q

Produces catecholamine by hydroxylation of _________ (eg. epinephrine or norepinephrine)

A

tyrosine

35
Q

Functions of Catecholamine?

A

Increase blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar

36
Q

What is the stimulus for catecholamines?

A

Released in response to pain and emotional disturbance
Transported free in blood and regulated by feedback

37
Q

Metabolites of catecholamines: target →

A

metanephrine and normetanephrine →
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) (enzyme: monoamine oxidase; MAO)

38
Q

Cocain is metabolized by…

A

cholinesterase

39
Q

What are the metabolites of cocaine?

A

benzoylecgonine (measure pts) and ecgonine methyl ester

40
Q

Theophylline
is a __________.

A

bronchodilator

41
Q

How to calculate coefficient variation

A

(std/mean) x 100

42
Q

A peak blood level of theophylline is 5 at peak level and is 4.6 at trough level. What is the most likely explanation of this result?

A

Blood for peak level was drawn too soon

42
Q

Patient has a history of miscarrage. The doc wants to find out how the fetus is doing. What is the best hormone to detect in the first trimester?
-Esterone
-Esterdiol
-Estertriol

A

Estertriol

43
Q

Patient has hypertension and increased catecholamines, what could be the disorder?

A

Pheochromocytoma

44
Q

Catecholamine producing tumors arising from the chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

A

Pheochromocytoma

45
Q

Pheochromocytoma lead to the production and release of large quantities of…

A

catecholamine

Symptoms:
Headache, periodic sweating, hypertension

46
Q

Know which drugs is used to correct heart irregularities

A

Quininone (quinidine)

47
Q

After a drug was screened it goes to confirmation, What method would you do

A

HPLC with MS

48
Q

Schillings test =

A

pernicious anemia if intrinsic factor fixes problem

49
Q

proidone is prodrug of _________

A

phenobarbital

50
Q

who manages waived tests?

A

CLIA

51
Q

IF the patient has low cortisol and ACTH was given but the levels were still low what could be the cause?

A

Addisons

52
Q

Which method separated analytes based on media and their solubility?

A

Chromatography

53
Q

What is the purpose of nephelometry measuring at 90 degree angles

A

measure the size and number of scatter better… (light scatter)

54
Q
A

Clinical Chemistry II - 4378 (28 decks)

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