Review 1 Flashcards
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is known as?
Diffusion
When you try and understand a system as a whole, such as the nervous system, this is known as ______ approach
complex system
What two forces influence the movement of ions?
- concentration gradient
2. difference in potentials
Action potentials are critical for the transmission of information through the nervous system for what primary reason?
communication
In order to depolarize the membrane and generate an action potential, which ion must enter the cell? In order to hyperpolarize the membrane and return to the resting potential, which ion must exit the cell?
Depolarization: Na rapidly enters the cell.
Hyperpolarization: K rapidly exits the cell
The absolute and relative refractory periods are caused by what? Why are those refractory periods important?
They are caused by the generation of an action potential. Relative refractory period is possible to generate another AP. Absolute refractory period is not possible to generate another AP.
How is the conductance of Na and K different. Why is this important?
Action potential and to keep them from backfiring.
When a membrane depolarizes, it becomes more _____. When a membrane hyperpolarizes, it becomes more _____.
positive; negative
What is the all or none law?
Either the membrane does not generate an action potential or it generates an action potential with a standard magnitude
Orthodomic Transmission
from soma to terminal branches
Anti-orthodomic
end of axon to soma
Obligatory
action potential on the presynaptic membrane always gives rise to an action potential on postsynaptic membrane
Nonobligatory
a single action potential on the presynaptic membrane is typically unable to induce an action potential on postsynaptic membrane
What is the response of a muscle to a single stimulus called?
Twitch
the neurons that conduct action potentials at the slowest velocity are
small diameter, unmyleinated
