Lecture 13a: Major Brain Structures Flashcards
The central nervous system consists of:
the brain and spinal cord
Both the brain and spinal cord are bathed in:
cerebrospinal fluid and are surrounded by meninges
The spinal cord borders with the _______.
medulla (autonomic function)
The medulla contains:
a number of important nuclei (cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory center), the caudal portion of the reticular formation, and the fourth ventricle.
The medulla borders with the ____.
pons
The pons are located
between the medulla and the midbrain
The pons contains
white fiber and several nuclei, including those of cranial nerves V to VIII
The cerebellum lies_______.
just behind the medulla and the pons.
The cerebellum consists of
two hemispheres and a central area (vermis).
The cerebellum is supposted by
three pairs of peduncles (bundles of neural fibers).
Cerebellum helps with
timing of movements, balance, posture, coordination, and possibly the assembling of motor synergies
_________ is a typical feature of cerebellar disorders
Discoordination
The midbrain (mesencephalon) contains:
four elevations called colliculi
What are the four elevations of the colliculi
2 superior colliculi (vision and occular reflexes)
2 inferior colliculi (processing and auditory information)
What are the two major nuclei found in the midbrain?
the red nucleus: important for voluntary movements
substantia nigra: motor control
as well as the Sylvius aqueduct
The _______ is almost completely surrounded by cerebral hemispheres.
Diecenphalon
Dicenphalon contains:
thalamus (integration of sensory and motor information)
hypothalamus (autonomic functions)
hypophysis
epiphysis (the pineal gland)
Inside the dicenphalon is the _______.
third ventricle
The Limbic System includes
the hypothalamus
the fornix
the hippocampus (short term memory and memory consolidation)
the amygdaloid nucleus
the cingulate gyrus of the cerebral cortex (emotional response)
The two hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected by:
the corpus callosum and the anterior commisure
Each hemisphere of the cerebrum is divided into five lobes. They are:
the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, the temporal lobe, and the insula. Involved heavily in voluntary movements, coordination, and perception
The basal ganglia represent pairs of structures that include:
the globus pallidus, the putamen, the caudate nucleus, the subthalamic nucleus, and the substantia nigra.
Plays a important role in the initiation of voluntary movements
Nuclei or cranial nerves
control of neck and face
Reticular formation
stimulation can induce locomotion
Cerebellum
synergy formation, timing, memory, motor learning
Red nucleus
source of major descending pathway
thalamus
sensorimotor intergation
Limbic circle
emotions
Basal ganglia
motor control, movemtn intiation
cortex of large hemispheres:
“higher” function, motor control
