Lecture 19: Motor Control Flashcards
Human movements are produced by _____.
force generating structures with features an engineer would fing suboptimal
Muscles are relatively _____.
slow.
Muscles and their interaction with the nervous system are _________.
non-linear.
FCA
Force Control Approach
FCA: Most everyday tasks require us to move ____.
an limb or the whole body to particular point in space.
FCA: Requires rotation at _________.
one or several joints
FCA: Requires force production using _______.
the muscular system
FCA: The CNS produces _____ changes in muscle force by sending signals to the muscle.
active
FCA: force depends on neural signals sent to the muscles and external loading conditions, which change with _____.
the motion
FCA: CNS must try and predict changes that will occur to __________ and _______ during the movement.
muscle length and force
FCA: the CNS has to compute the signals sent to the neurons in the spinal cord and consider the activation of these motoneurons through _______________
reflex pathways.
Generalized Motor Program developed by _______.
Schmidt in the 1970s.
Generalized Motor Program is very similar to ______.
force-control approach
GMP: Brain stores “movement formulas” expressed as ____________ with particular actions.
mechanical patterns
GMP: Support from experiments that demonstrate ______ timing patterns when movements sped up or slowed down
invariant
IM
Internal Models
IM: CNS computes _____ signals that produce adequate force patterns.
control signals
IM: Brain has to take 2 factors into account.
- All the steps involved in transforming neural signals into mechanical variables
- Time delays in information transmission from the brain to muscle and from peripheral receptors to the brain
IM: Inverse models compute _____________ based on desired mechanical effect
descending neural commands
- Computations are made from sensory signals that deliver some outdated information
- Computed signals from the brain reach muscles after substantial time delay.
IM: Direct models compute the effects of current neural commands on the state of the _______.
periphery
-Takes into account possible changes in muscles and limbs due to time delays in neural pathways
