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virology > Retroviridae > Flashcards

Retroviridae Flashcards

1
Q

why retro?

A

retro - reverse transcription

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2
Q

Subfamilies

A
  • Orthoretrovirinae

- Spimaretrovirinae

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3
Q

Ortoretrovirinae genera

A

Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, Delta-, Epsilonretrovirus and Lentivirus genus

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4
Q

Spumaretrovirinae genera

A

Bovi-, Equi-, Felispurmavirus genus

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5
Q

Morphology

A

diploid (only diploid virus), +ssRNA genome, helical + icosahedral capsid, enveloped, big

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6
Q

Resistance

A

very sensitive viruses (one of the most sensitive viruses)

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7
Q

Replication

A

Baltimore VI - viral reverse transcriptase -> integration, provirus

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8
Q

Type of infection

A

Cell-associated infection, because the cells protect the viruses from the environment

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9
Q

Genetic structure

A

characteristic, SHORT
5’-LTR-gag-pro-env-pol-LTR-3’
+/- onc, substitution mutant -> transforming, defective virus

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10
Q

what does onc gene sequence cause?

A

tumors

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11
Q

what sequence does “onc” usually replace?

A

env - the sequence for envelope

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12
Q

Oncogenic = ?

A

transforming viruses, need helpers for multiplication

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13
Q

multiplication competent viruses

A

Strong CPE, oncogenic as well

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14
Q

Transmission

A

transplacental (tolerance!), cell associated (germ cells, colostrum, epithel), arbo

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15
Q

Antigenic properties

A
  • good antigens
  • hypervariable surface antigens, Ig-s are not effectige against integrated viruses (->life long infection), destruction of the immune-system (destrow WBC - attack lymphatic tissue)
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16
Q

Cross-reactions?

A

yes, specificity of antigens (core

17
Q

Clinical signs

A

tumor formation &/or immunosupression

18
Q

Diagnosis

  • direct
  • indirect
A
  • Direct: ELISA, IF, PCR, NA hybridization

- Indirect: ELISA (produce many false positive), AGID (Coggins-test - EIA)

19
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Alpharetrovirus genus

-Avian sarcoma, Av. myeloblastosis, Av. carcinoma virus

A
  • carry onc gene
  • defective virus - helper: leucosis virus
  • chicken: quick developing mesenchymal tumors
20
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Alpharetrovirus genus

Rous sarcoma virus

A
  • only virus which is both enveloped and have the onc gene!
  • multiplication competent and viral onc gene
  • chicken: mesenchymal sarcomas
21
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Betaretrovirus genus

Bovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma virus

A

sheep: lung cancer (“Jaagsiekte) -> unable to breathe

22
Q

Other Betaretroviruses

A

-Mouse mammary tumor virus
-Monkey retrovirus
both lead to tumors

23
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Gammaretrovirus genus

A

replicate competent or defective viruses

24
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Gammaretrovirus genus

Mammalian group

A
  • Feline leukemia/sarcoma virus

- Murine leukemia/sarcoma virus

25
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Gammaretrovirus genus

Reptilian group

A

Viper retrovirus -> health problems (ex. fever) in snakes

26
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Gammaretrovirus genus

Avian (reticuloendotheliosis) group

A
  • Reticuloendotheliosus virus: chicken -> immunosupression, tumors
  • Chicken syncytial virus, Duck spleen necrosis virus
27
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Deltaretrovirus genus

Bovine leukemia virus (NF!)

A

BLV = bovine leukemia virus
-Cattle: leucosis, slow-developing lymphatic tumours
(check for infection once a year)

28
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Deltaretrovirus genus

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1-2 (HTLV)

A

human T-cell leukemia = transformation of leukocutes -> immunosupression and tumors

29
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Epsilonretrovirus genus (fish)

  • Walleye dermal sarcoma virus
  • Walleye epidermal hypoplasia virus
A

Both lead to skin changes and eventually death

30
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Lentivirus genus

lenti meaning

A

lentus = slow

31
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Lentivirus genus

Equine infectious anaemia virus (NF!)

A

EIA = equine infectious anaemia
horse: anemia (due to Ø prod. of RBC), wasting - leathal
(checked every year: + isolated from the herd)

32
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Lentivirus genus

Maedi-Visna virus (NF!)

A

sheep
-Maedi = interstitial pneumonia
-Visna = encephalitis
+tumor

33
Q

clinical sign of Maedi-Visna virus

A

labored breathing, usually in older animals

34
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Lentivirus genus

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAE)

A

goat: arthritis, lameness, encephalitis, paralysis

35
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Lentivirus genus

Human immunodeficiency virus 1, 2 (HIV 1-2)

A

T-helper cell destruction - immunosupression -> acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), ARC

36
Q

Orthoretrovirinae - Lentivirus genus

other immunodeficiency viruses

A
  • FIV = felina immunodeficiency virus
  • BIV = bovine deficiency virus
  • SIV = simian immonudeficiency virus
37
Q

Spumaretrovirinae

meaning of spuma

A

spuma = foamy

38
Q

Spumaretrovirinae genera

A

Bovi-, Equi-, Felispumavirus genus

virology (12 decks)

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