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MY Virology FINAL > Retroviridae > Flashcards

Retroviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Retroviridae has a ____ genome

A

diploid

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2
Q

Retroviridae use _____ to become a provirus

A

reverse transcrpitase

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3
Q

What kind of inclusion bodies does retroviridae have?

A

NO inclusion bodies

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4
Q

Retroviridae is non____

A

cytopathic

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5
Q

How does Retroviridae do in the environment?

A

very fragile!

*don’t survive long in environment

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6
Q

With Retroviridae, infection is for ____

A

life

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7
Q

What does the gag gene encode for?

A

virion capsid proteins

*core and matrix protiens

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8
Q

What does pol gene encode for?

A

reverse transcriptase and integrase

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9
Q

What does the env gene encode for?

A

envelope glycoprotein peplomers

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10
Q

In Retroviridae replication ___ is converted into ___

A

RNA converted to DNA

*provirus

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11
Q

Retroviridae preforms ____ integration into the host cell

A

irreversible

*perminant part of host chromosome

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12
Q

What kind of Retrovirus on its own will never cause disease?

A

Endogenous

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13
Q

Endogenous Retrovirus is ____

A

nonpathogenic

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14
Q

In cats, the endogenous retrovirus can combine with ____ to become pathogenic and cause disease

A

exogenous virus

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15
Q

True/False: Most retroviruses cause cancer

A

False

*most do not cause cancer

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16
Q

in acute transforming viruses, the genome contains ____

A

viral oncogene

[v-onc+]

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17
Q

Most [v-onc+] viruses are usually ____ viruses

A

defective

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18
Q

Acute transforming viruses (contain viral oncogene) can never ____ until the cell become co-infected with the original normal virus

A

replicate

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19
Q

Which viruses are [v-onc-] and do not contain a viral oncogene?

A

chronic-transforming viruses

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20
Q

Bovine Leukemia is more prevalent in ___ cattle

A

dairy

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21
Q

What is the etiological agent for Bovine Leukemia?

A

Deltaretrovirus

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22
Q

Does Bovine Leukemia contain the viral oncogene?

A

no, it is v-onc negative

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23
Q

Bovine Leukemia can be due to ____ predisposition

A

genetic

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24
Q

In bovine Leukemia, what gene encodes p34 transactivator protein that up regulates proto-oncogen promoter sequence?

A

transactivating gene

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25
Q

In bovine Leukemia, there is no ____, just turning on of the proto-oncogene

A

recombination

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26
Q

How is Bovine Leukemia transmitted?

A

transmission of B lymphocytes of an infected animal into a non infected animal

*ex. blood transfusion

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27
Q

Calves can be infected with Bovine Leukemia via ____ or ____

A

in utero infection

via colostrum

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28
Q

What are the major target cells of Bovine Leukemia?

A

B lymphocytes

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29
Q

Cattle with BoLa-Aw __ are resistant. Cattle with BoLA-Aw ____ are suceptible to bovine leukemia

A

7 is resistant

12 is susceptible

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30
Q

Bovine Leukemia is a____ developing disease

A

slowly

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31
Q

Bovine Leukemia is characterized by persistant _____ due to benign proliferation of B lymphocytes

A

lymphocytosis

*B cells are metastisizing

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32
Q

What age group of animals are most likely to get Bovine Leukemia?

A

older animals

*4-8 years old

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33
Q

You will never see Bovine Leukemia in a ____

A

calf

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34
Q

True/False: in bovine leukemia, all organs are affected and the animal will die

A

True

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35
Q

In bovine Leukemia we do not _____

A

vaccinate!

*animals that test positive are killed

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36
Q

Sporadic Bovine Leukosis occurs in 3 forms and they are all 100% ____

A

fatal

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37
Q

What are the three forms of Sporadic bovine Leukosis?

A

Juvenile multicentric

thymic

cutaneous

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38
Q

What feline Retrovirus is associated with neoplastic and non neoplastic diseases?

A

Feline Leukemia and Sarcoma

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39
Q

What hosts area affected by feline leukemia and sarcoma?

A

Cats- domestic and wile

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40
Q

What is the etiological agent of Feline Leukemia and Sarcoma?

A

Gammaretrovirus

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41
Q

What gene is used for diagnostics of Feline Leukemia?

A

p27

*FeLeuk Test detects this antigen

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42
Q

Feline Leukemia is V-onc _____

A

negative

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43
Q

What gene in Feline Leukemia is responsible for viral attachment?

A

pg70

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44
Q

Which subgroup of Feline Leukemia is found in nature?

A

FeLV-A

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45
Q

Which subtype of Feline Leukemia is due to recombination of FeLV-A?

A

FeLV-B

46
Q

What subtype of Feline Leukemia is due to mutation with

FeLV-A?

A

FeLV-C

47
Q

Which Feline leukemia gene is associted with immunosuppression?

A

p15E

*blocks the response of T cells

48
Q

Feline Leukemia is extremely ____ outside the cat

A

liable (Fragile)

*rapidly inactivated within 3-5 min.

*needs persistant contact

49
Q

In feline Leukemia, ___ cats shed the virus continuously

A

viremic

*transmission- eating together/ grooming eachother

50
Q

Transmission of Feline Leukemia occurs primarily via ____

A

saliva

51
Q

What cells does Feline Leukemia multiply in and subsequently transform?

A

T and B lymphocytes

52
Q

At what point in Feline Leukemia would an IFA and ELISA test be positive?

A

when persistant secondary viremia occurs

*progeny enter the bloodstream

53
Q

What is a tumor specific antigen that is only present in the cells transformed by either Feline Leukemia or Feline Sarcoma?

A

FOCMA antigen

54
Q

FOCMA antibody lyses tumor cells via ____

A

ADCC

55
Q

Do not treat a viremic ____ with Feline Leukemia

A

queen

*They will die

56
Q

Are vaccines used in Feline Leukemia?

A

Yes

*work very well

57
Q

Majority of cats with Feline Leukemia have a _____ infection

A

self limiting (96%)

*Cat does not develop disease. No viremia and cat does not shed virus

58
Q

Other than self-limiting infections, what two other types of infections may cats develop in Feline Leukemia?

A

persistant active infection- persistant viremia

latent infection- FeLV test negative, does not shed virus

59
Q

What are the two forms of Neoplastic disease of Feline Leukemia?

A

Lymphosarcoma

Myeloproliferative disease

60
Q

In what form of Lymphosarcoma do T cells metastasize, there is multi organ involvement and animal usually dies?

A

Multicentric

61
Q

In what form of lymphosarcoma do the B cells metastasize?

A

Ailmentary lymphosarcoma

62
Q

What is a primary bone marrow disorder that is characterized by neoplastic cells in bone marrow and immunosuppression?

A

Myeloproliferative disease

*immune complex hypersensativity

63
Q

What are the diseases of nonneoplastic Feline Leukemia?

A

immune complex disease- complement is depleted

immunosuppression- cat can die

Reproductive disorders

64
Q

Most kittens born to Feline Leukemia positive viremic queens, are usually also viremic and die at an early age with _____ syndrome

A

fading kitten syndrome

65
Q

What sample is good to use for a SNAP ELISA test for Feline Leukemia?

A

saliva

*ELISA positive cats should be retested within 2-3 months to determine if viremia is transient or persistant

66
Q

True/False: Feline Sarcoma virus exists in nature

A

False

*does not exist in nature

67
Q

Feline sarcome is due to a recombination event with FeLV-A and host cell ____

A

proto-oncogenes

68
Q

Feline Sarcome is defective and can’t ____ on its own, unless a new virus infects the cell

A

replicate

69
Q

Feline Sarcomas express ____ antigens and kills the cat

A

FOCMA

70
Q

What species is Avian Leukosis in?

A

only chickens

71
Q

What is the etiological agent for Avian Leukosis?

A

Alpharetrovirus

72
Q

What subgroups of Avian Leukosis are important?

A

A and B

73
Q

Is there a vaccine for Avian leukosis?

A

No

depopulation

74
Q

If Avian Leukosis is transmitted via vertical or horizontal transmission from the hen, the chicken becomes viremic for ____ due to immuno _____

A

viremic for life

immunological tolerance

75
Q

What is the most common form of Avian Leukosis?

A

Lymphoid Leukosis

*big liver disease

76
Q

What is the most common form of Avian Leukosis?

A

Lymphoid Leukosis

*Big liver disease

77
Q

What is the rare from of Avian Leukosis? Is it malignant?

A

osteopetrosis (thick long bones)

NON- malignant

78
Q

How do you distinguis Avian Leukosis from Mareks disease?

A

Avian Leukosis does not cause nerve or ocular movement. It does not enter the nervous system, while Mareks does.

79
Q

With genus Lentivirus all infections are ___

A

life long

80
Q

Do we vaccinate animals with Lentivirus?

A

No

kill animals

81
Q

What is the etiological agent in Feline Immunodeficiency disease?

A

Feline Lentivirus

82
Q

What is the main way Feline Immunodeficiency disease is spread?

A

saliva

83
Q

In Feline Immunodeficiency disease, infection is ____

A

lifelong

84
Q

Feline Immunodeficiency disease has a tropism for what cells?

A

helper T cells

*multiplies in/ kills T cells

85
Q

What phase of Feline immunodeficiency disease kills cats?

A

Terminal phase

*opportunistic 2ndary bacterial infection kills cat

(acute and latent phases do not kill cat)

86
Q

If kittens test positive for FID and they are less than 12 weeks old, they must be retested in order to assure that antibodies were not ____ derived

A

maternally

*may be false positive result in kittens with maternal antibodies

87
Q

Equine Infectious Anemia is also known as ___ fever

A

swamp

88
Q

Equine infectious anemia is a ___ infection

A

lifelong

89
Q

What is the etiological agent of Equine infectious Anemia?

A

Equine Lentivirus

90
Q

Equine infectious anemia is mainly transmitted via ____ transmission

A

mechanical

*tabanids- flies

91
Q

Equine infectious anemia, replicates initially in ____ and then in ____

A

macrophages

lymphocytes

92
Q

True/False: Anemia develops in equine infectious anemia because the virus replicates in and kills red blood cells

A

FALSE

*antigen absorbs to RBC. Macrophage kills RBC due to attachment and anemia develops

93
Q

True/False: Virus kills the host in equine infectious anemia

A

False

*Type II and III hypersensativity kills the horse

94
Q

What test can be used to diagnose equine infectious anemia?

A

coggins test

95
Q

What is the recommendation for horses with Equine infectious anemia?

A

euthanasia

*there is no vaccine!

96
Q

Foals that have been nursed may show ____ results to diagnostic tests

A

false positive

*maternal antibodies

97
Q

What is the number one virus of dairy goats in the US?

A

Caprine Arthritis Encephalomyelitis

98
Q

Is there a vaccine for Caprine Arthritis enecphalomyelitis?

A

No

*eliminate positive animals

99
Q

What is the etiologial agent of Caprine Arthritis Encephalomyelitis?

A

Caprine Lentivirus

100
Q

What is the main route of transmission of Caprine Arthritis encephalomyelitis?

A

via colostrum

101
Q

What cells does Caprine Athritis enecphalomyeltis infect?

A

monocytes and macrophages

102
Q

What form is seen most often in Caprine Arthritis encephalomyelitis and what is it called?

A

Arthritis

*big knee

103
Q

What form of Caprine Arthritis Encephalomyelitis is deadly in kids, leading to paralysis

A

Encephalomyelitis

104
Q

Caprine Arthritis encephalomyelitis can also cause indurative mastitis, known as ____

A

hard bag

*fibrosis of mammary gland

105
Q

What host is affected by Maedi/Visna disease?

A

adult Sheep

106
Q

What is the etiological agent of Maedi disease

A

Ovine Lentivirus

107
Q

Meadi disease leads to ___ mononuclear cell associated viremia

A

life long

108
Q

Maedi virus has a very long _____

A

incubation period!

*up to 9 years

109
Q

What does Maedi mean, and what does it cause?

A

shortness of breath

ovine pneumonia

110
Q

What does Visna mean and what does it cause?

A

Wasting

causes CNS syndrome, incoordination

111
Q

Is there a vaccine for Maeid/Visna disease?

A

no

*positive animals are removed from flock

MY Virology FINAL (12 decks)

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