Retroviridae Flashcards
1
Q
Retroviridae has a ____ genome
A
diploid
2
Q
Retroviridae use _____ to become a provirus
A
reverse transcrpitase
3
Q
What kind of inclusion bodies does retroviridae have?
A
NO inclusion bodies
4
Q
Retroviridae is non____
A
cytopathic
5
Q
How does Retroviridae do in the environment?
A
very fragile!
*don’t survive long in environment
6
Q
With Retroviridae, infection is for ____
A
life
7
Q
What does the gag gene encode for?
A
virion capsid proteins
*core and matrix protiens
8
Q
What does pol gene encode for?
A
reverse transcriptase and integrase
9
Q
What does the env gene encode for?
A
envelope glycoprotein peplomers
10
Q
In Retroviridae replication ___ is converted into ___
A
RNA converted to DNA
*provirus
11
Q
Retroviridae preforms ____ integration into the host cell
A
irreversible
*perminant part of host chromosome
12
Q
What kind of Retrovirus on its own will never cause disease?
A
Endogenous
13
Q
Endogenous Retrovirus is ____
A
nonpathogenic
14
Q
In cats, the endogenous retrovirus can combine with ____ to become pathogenic and cause disease
A
exogenous virus
15
Q
True/False: Most retroviruses cause cancer
A
False
*most do not cause cancer
16
Q
in acute transforming viruses, the genome contains ____
A
viral oncogene
[v-onc+]
17
Q
Most [v-onc+] viruses are usually ____ viruses
A
defective
18
Q
Acute transforming viruses (contain viral oncogene) can never ____ until the cell become co-infected with the original normal virus
A
replicate
19
Q
Which viruses are [v-onc-] and do not contain a viral oncogene?
A
chronic-transforming viruses
20
Q
Bovine Leukemia is more prevalent in ___ cattle
A
dairy
21
Q
What is the etiological agent for Bovine Leukemia?
A
Deltaretrovirus
22
Q
Does Bovine Leukemia contain the viral oncogene?
A
no, it is v-onc negative
23
Q
Bovine Leukemia can be due to ____ predisposition
A
genetic
24
Q
In bovine Leukemia, what gene encodes p34 transactivator protein that up regulates proto-oncogen promoter sequence?
A
transactivating gene
25
In bovine Leukemia, there is no \_\_\_\_, just turning on of the proto-oncogene
recombination
26
How is Bovine Leukemia transmitted?
transmission of B lymphocytes of an infected animal into a non infected animal
\*ex. blood transfusion
27
Calves can be infected with Bovine Leukemia via ____ or \_\_\_\_
in utero infection
via colostrum
28
What are the major target cells of Bovine Leukemia?
B lymphocytes
29
Cattle with BoLa-Aw __ are resistant. Cattle with BoLA-Aw ____ are suceptible to bovine leukemia
7 is resistant
12 is susceptible
30
Bovine Leukemia is a\_\_\_\_ developing disease
slowly
31
Bovine Leukemia is characterized by persistant _____ due to benign proliferation of B lymphocytes
lymphocytosis
\*B cells are metastisizing
32
What age group of animals are most likely to get Bovine Leukemia?
older animals
\*4-8 years old
33
You will never see Bovine Leukemia in a \_\_\_\_
calf
34
True/False: in bovine leukemia, all organs are affected and the animal will die
True
35
In bovine Leukemia we do not \_\_\_\_\_
vaccinate!
\*animals that test positive are killed
36
Sporadic Bovine Leukosis occurs in 3 forms and they are all 100% \_\_\_\_
fatal
37
What are the three forms of Sporadic bovine Leukosis?
Juvenile multicentric
thymic
cutaneous
38
What feline Retrovirus is associated with neoplastic and non neoplastic diseases?
Feline Leukemia and Sarcoma
39
What hosts area affected by feline leukemia and sarcoma?
Cats- domestic and wile
40
What is the etiological agent of Feline Leukemia and Sarcoma?
Gammaretrovirus
41
What gene is used for diagnostics of Feline Leukemia?
p27
\*FeLeuk Test detects this antigen
42
Feline Leukemia is V-onc \_\_\_\_\_
negative
43
What gene in Feline Leukemia is responsible for viral attachment?
pg70
44
Which subgroup of Feline Leukemia is found in nature?
FeLV-A
45
Which subtype of Feline Leukemia is due to recombination of FeLV-A?
FeLV-B
46
What subtype of Feline Leukemia is due to mutation with
FeLV-A?
FeLV-C
47
Which Feline leukemia gene is associted with immunosuppression?
p15E
\*blocks the response of T cells
48
Feline Leukemia is extremely ____ outside the cat
liable (Fragile)
\*rapidly inactivated within 3-5 min.
\*needs persistant contact
49
In feline Leukemia, ___ cats shed the virus continuously
viremic
\*transmission- eating together/ grooming eachother
50
Transmission of Feline Leukemia occurs primarily via \_\_\_\_
saliva
51
What cells does Feline Leukemia multiply in and subsequently transform?
T and B lymphocytes
52
At what point in Feline Leukemia would an IFA and ELISA test be positive?
when persistant secondary viremia occurs
\*progeny enter the bloodstream
53
What is a tumor specific antigen that is only present in the cells transformed by either Feline Leukemia or Feline Sarcoma?
FOCMA antigen
54
FOCMA antibody lyses tumor cells via \_\_\_\_
ADCC
55
Do not treat a viremic ____ with Feline Leukemia
queen
\*They will die
56
Are vaccines used in Feline Leukemia?
Yes
\*work very well
57
Majority of cats with Feline Leukemia have a _____ infection
self limiting (96%)
\*Cat does not develop disease. No viremia and cat does not shed virus
58
Other than self-limiting infections, what two other types of infections may cats develop in Feline Leukemia?
persistant active infection- persistant viremia
latent infection- FeLV test negative, does not shed virus
59
What are the two forms of Neoplastic disease of Feline Leukemia?
Lymphosarcoma
Myeloproliferative disease
60
In what form of Lymphosarcoma do T cells metastasize, there is multi organ involvement and animal usually dies?
Multicentric
61
In what form of lymphosarcoma do the B cells metastasize?
Ailmentary lymphosarcoma
62
What is a primary bone marrow disorder that is characterized by neoplastic cells in bone marrow and immunosuppression?
Myeloproliferative disease
\*immune complex hypersensativity
63
What are the diseases of nonneoplastic Feline Leukemia?
immune complex disease- complement is depleted
immunosuppression- cat can die
Reproductive disorders
64
Most kittens born to Feline Leukemia positive viremic queens, are usually also viremic and die at an early age with _____ syndrome
fading kitten syndrome
65
What sample is good to use for a SNAP ELISA test for Feline Leukemia?
saliva
\*ELISA positive cats should be retested within 2-3 months to determine if viremia is transient or persistant
66
True/False: Feline Sarcoma virus exists in nature
False
\*does not exist in nature
67
Feline sarcome is due to a recombination event with FeLV-A and host cell \_\_\_\_
proto-oncogenes
68
Feline Sarcome is defective and can't ____ on its own, unless a new virus infects the cell
replicate
69
Feline Sarcomas express ____ antigens and kills the cat
FOCMA
70
What species is Avian Leukosis in?
only chickens
71
What is the etiological agent for Avian Leukosis?
Alpharetrovirus
72
What subgroups of Avian Leukosis are important?
A and B
73
Is there a vaccine for Avian leukosis?
No
depopulation
74
If Avian Leukosis is transmitted via vertical or horizontal transmission from the hen, the chicken becomes viremic for ____ due to immuno \_\_\_\_\_
viremic for life
immunological tolerance
75
What is the most common form of Avian Leukosis?
Lymphoid Leukosis
\*big liver disease
76
What is the most common form of Avian Leukosis?
Lymphoid Leukosis
\*Big liver disease
77
What is the rare from of Avian Leukosis? Is it malignant?
osteopetrosis (thick long bones)
NON- malignant
78
How do you distinguis Avian Leukosis from Mareks disease?
Avian Leukosis does not cause nerve or ocular movement. It does not enter the nervous system, while Mareks does.
79
With genus Lentivirus all infections are \_\_\_
life long
80
Do we vaccinate animals with Lentivirus?
No
kill animals
81
What is the etiological agent in Feline Immunodeficiency disease?
Feline Lentivirus
82
What is the main way Feline Immunodeficiency disease is spread?
saliva
83
In Feline Immunodeficiency disease, infection is \_\_\_\_
lifelong
84
Feline Immunodeficiency disease has a tropism for what cells?
helper T cells
\*multiplies in/ kills T cells
85
What phase of Feline immunodeficiency disease kills cats?
Terminal phase
\*opportunistic 2ndary bacterial infection kills cat
(acute and latent phases do not kill cat)
86
If kittens test positive for FID and they are less than 12 weeks old, they must be retested in order to assure that antibodies were not ____ derived
maternally
\*may be false positive result in kittens with maternal antibodies
87
Equine Infectious Anemia is also known as ___ fever
swamp
88
Equine infectious anemia is a ___ infection
lifelong
89
What is the etiological agent of Equine infectious Anemia?
Equine Lentivirus
90
Equine infectious anemia is mainly transmitted via ____ transmission
mechanical
\*tabanids- flies
91
Equine infectious anemia, replicates initially in ____ and then in \_\_\_\_
macrophages
lymphocytes
92
True/False: Anemia develops in equine infectious anemia because the virus replicates in and kills red blood cells
FALSE
\*antigen absorbs to RBC. Macrophage kills RBC due to attachment and anemia develops
93
True/False: Virus kills the host in equine infectious anemia
False
\*Type II and III hypersensativity kills the horse
94
What test can be used to diagnose equine infectious anemia?
coggins test
95
What is the recommendation for horses with Equine infectious anemia?
euthanasia
\*there is no vaccine!
96
Foals that have been nursed may show ____ results to diagnostic tests
false positive
\*maternal antibodies
97
What is the number one virus of dairy goats in the US?
Caprine Arthritis Encephalomyelitis
98
Is there a vaccine for Caprine Arthritis enecphalomyelitis?
No
\*eliminate positive animals
99
What is the etiologial agent of Caprine Arthritis Encephalomyelitis?
Caprine Lentivirus
100
What is the main route of transmission of Caprine Arthritis encephalomyelitis?
via colostrum
101
What cells does Caprine Athritis enecphalomyeltis infect?
monocytes and macrophages
102
What form is seen most often in Caprine Arthritis encephalomyelitis and what is it called?
Arthritis
\*big knee
103
What form of Caprine Arthritis Encephalomyelitis is deadly in kids, leading to paralysis
Encephalomyelitis
104
Caprine Arthritis encephalomyelitis can also cause indurative mastitis, known as \_\_\_\_
hard bag
\*fibrosis of mammary gland
105
What host is affected by Maedi/Visna disease?
adult Sheep
106
What is the etiological agent of Maedi disease
Ovine Lentivirus
107
Meadi disease leads to ___ mononuclear cell associated viremia
life long
108
Maedi virus has a very long \_\_\_\_\_
incubation period!
\*up to 9 years
109
What does Maedi mean, and what does it cause?
shortness of breath
ovine pneumonia
110
What does Visna mean and what does it cause?
Wasting
causes CNS syndrome, incoordination
111
Is there a vaccine for Maeid/Visna disease?
no
\*positive animals are removed from flock
