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MY Virology FINAL > Flaviviridae > Flashcards

Flaviviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What genus of Flaviviridae is most important for veterinary pathogens?

A

Pestivirus

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2
Q

What genus of Flaviviridae causes a disease in horses known as Theilers disease?

A

Pegivirus

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3
Q

Flaviviridae has a ______ that plays an important role in the infection of the host cell

A

lipid envelop

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4
Q

Flaviviridae replication occurs in the ____, where the virus comes out via _____

A

cytoplasm

virus comes out via budding

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5
Q

In flaviviridae, there are enzymes known as ____ that cleave the polyprotein into at least 8-9 nonstructural and structural proteins

A

proteases

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6
Q

Flaviviridae is a ____ stranded RNA

A

single

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7
Q

What two diseases does Pestivirus cause in animals?

A

Bovine Viral diarrhea

classical swine fever/ hog cholera

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8
Q

What are the two biotypes of bovine viral diarrhea and which one is more deadly?

A

non cytopathogenic

cytopathogenic- more deadly

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9
Q

In the non-cytopathogenic biotype of bovine viral diarrhea, the NS2 and NS3 protein remain _______

A

uncleaved

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10
Q

In the non cytopathogenic strain of bovine viral diarrhea what disorders can arise?

A

congenital, reproductive, and enteric

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11
Q

Can the non cytopathogenic strain of bovine viral diarrhea cross the placenta?

A

yes

*calf can become persitantly infected

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12
Q

In the cytopathogenic strain of bovine viral diarrhea, the NS2 and NS3 protein are ______

A

cleaved

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13
Q

When the cytopathogenic strain of bovine viral diarrhea infects a calf that is already infected with the non cytopathogenic strain, it causes a disease known as ______

A

mucosal disease

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14
Q

Sometimes the NS2 and NS3 genes may be seperated by a ____ sequence, leading to cleavage of the NS2 and NS3

A

Ub

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15
Q

If there are ________ in the RNA between NS2 and NS3 it can lead to cleavage and cause pathogenesis

A

point mutations

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16
Q

When NS3 is in the free form of bovine viral diarrhea, it increases the level of _____ in the host cell which leads to apoptosis

A

double stranded RNA

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17
Q

Bovine viral diarrhea has ____ types that are antigenically different

A

2 types

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18
Q

If a healthy adult cow becomes infected with the non cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea, it may induce ____ and decrease in _____

A

diarrhea

decrease in milk production

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19
Q

What will happen in a pregnant cow that is infected with the non cytopathognic bovine viral diarrhea?

(based on what month of pregnancy the cow is in)

A

If infected during-

Month 1 - embryo death

month 2-4: calves become persistantly infected

month 5-7: abortion, congenital deformities

Month 8-9: normal calves

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20
Q

Persistently infected calves of BVD (bovine viral diarrhea) are ____ and highly susceptible to _____

A

they are stunted

highly suscpetible to secondary infection

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21
Q

Birth of _______ calves are known as persitently infected calves

A

immunotolerant

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22
Q

When a pregnant cow is 2-4 months along the fetal ____ is not developed and the fetus does not recognize the virus as foreigh

A

immune system

*no antibody response

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23
Q

persitantly infected calves of BVD shed virus _____ into the environment

A

continually

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24
Q

What is the main source of transmission of bovine viral diarrhea?

A

persistently infected calf secretions and excretions

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25
Q

If persistently infected calves are exposed to cytopathogenic strain that is genetically similar to non cytopathic strain that the calf is immunotolerant then there is a severe form of ____ disease

A

mucosal

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26
Q

Outcomes of bovine viral disease infection include _____ and ______

A

thrombocytopenia

hemorrhagic syndrome

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27
Q

What are some congenital defects of calves with bovine viral diarrhea?

A

stargazing

nervous sytem defects

congenital hydranencephaly- cerebellar hemisphere doesn’t develop

28
Q

What are clinical signs of acute mucosal disease due to bovine viral diarrhea?

A

severe diarrhea

ulcerated nose and mouth

erosions of esophagus, intestine

hemorrhage of small intestine

29
Q

What are some clinical signs of chronic mucosal disease in calves with bovine viral diarrhea

A

diarrhea

rough hari

bloating

hoof deformities

emaciation

30
Q

How can we control bovine viral diarrhea?

A

seperate persitantly infectious calves from herd

*punch ear tag and test it

31
Q

In bovine viral diarrhea _____ are directed against cytopathic and non cytopathic forms of disease

A

vaccines

32
Q

What flavivridae virus is highly contagious and clinically indistinguishable from african swine fever?

A

Hog cholera

33
Q

Hog cholera is also known as_____

A

classical swine fever

34
Q

Hog cholera affects what species?

A

pigs

wild and domestic

35
Q

What Flaviviridae is a list A disease that leads to huge losses to the pig industry

A

Hog cholera

*notifiable disease

36
Q

How is Hog cholera transmitted?

A

direct contact

fecal oral

aerosol

*present in secretion and excretion of the pigs

37
Q

Hog cholera is a very stable virus and can survive years of _____

A

freezing

38
Q

A pregnant sow with hog cholera will give birth to what kind of piglets?

A

persistently infected immunotolerant healthy piglets

*piglets spread the virus to the herd

39
Q

What 4 pathogenic features does Hog Cholera produce?

A

B lymphocyte deficiency

apoptosis of lymphocytes

depletion of CD1, 4, and 8

activation of macrophages leading to release of TNF

Degeneration of vascular endothelium

40
Q

What are the clinical signs of the acute form of Hog cholera?

A

depression

huddle together

hyperemia- red skin

purplish discoloration- cyanosis

necrosis of tonsils

botton ulcers in colon

goose stepping gait

abortion

41
Q

What does a kidney with peracute hog cholera look like?

A

Turkey egg kidneys!

42
Q

How is Hog cholera controlled?

A

infected animals are culled and killed

avoid feeding uncooked meat products to pigs

43
Q

Is there a vaccine for hog cholera?

A

Yes

*vaccine should be used in edemic areas

44
Q

Pigs that have hog cholera as well as pigs that are vaccinated will test ____

A

positive

*vaccinated pigs test positive due to live vaccine

45
Q

What tool do we use to diagnose if a pig has a natural infection of hog cholera versus having been vaccinated?

A

DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals)

*subunit marker vaccine

46
Q

DIVA is a ____ vaccine

A

subunit

47
Q

What are the vectors for genus Flavivirus of Flavivridae?

A

mosquitos and ticks

48
Q

West Nile virus is a _____ borne disease of the genus ____

A

mosquito

genus flavivirus

49
Q

West nile virus is maintained between ____ and _____. What are the incidental hosts?

A

maintined between mosquitos and birds

horses and humans- incidental hosts

50
Q

West Nile virus has ___ lineages. What lineages are associated with huma disease?

A

7 lineages

lineage 1 and 2- human disease

51
Q

In west nile virus, lineage 1 can be broken down into a, b and c. What sublineage is most important?

A

1a is the most widely distributed in humans

52
Q

After a mosquito inoculates an animal with west nile virus, where does it replicate?

A

keratinocytes in the skin

53
Q

What are the 3 ways that West Nile Virus can go into the CNS?

A

excreting metalloproteinases

release of TNF

Trojan horse- travel inside macrophage

54
Q

What are the three important forms of West Nile neuro-invasive disease?

A

west nile encephalitis

west nile meningitis

west nile meningoencephalitis

55
Q

Most horses with West Nile virus are ____

A

asymptomatic

56
Q

What are the predominant clinical signs of West Nile virus?

A

encephalomyelitis with ataxia

57
Q

Best way to control West Nile virus

A

protect from mosquitos

58
Q

What Flavivirus is a tick borne disease that is important in sheep and red grouse?

A

Louping ill (trembling ill)

59
Q

Louping ill is caused by genus _____

A

Flavivirus

60
Q

What is the vector tick of louping ill?

A

Ixodes ricinus

61
Q

What kind of transmission occurs in louping ill ticks?

A

Transtadial

*can be transmitted from larva, to nymph to adult

62
Q

True/False: An adult tick with louping ill can carry the virus even though it has not taken an infected blood meal

A

True

*They can carry the virus from infected larval stage. Virus remains in tick until the adult stage if the larva is infected

63
Q

louping ill causes clinical signs that are very _____

A

neurological

64
Q

What are the clinical signs of Louping ill in sheep?

A

ataxia

muscle tremors

incoordination

jerky

65
Q

How is louping ill transmitted?

A

tick bite mainly

66
Q

How is louping ill prevented?

A

tick control

vaccination in endemic areas

MY Virology FINAL (12 decks)

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