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Coronaviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What family of viruses is associated with SARS and MERS?

A

Coronaviridae

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2
Q

Is coronaviridae enveloped?

A

yes

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3
Q

What shape nucleocapsid does Coronavirus have?

A

Helical

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4
Q

what shape nucleocapsid does Torovirus have?

A

doughnut

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5
Q

What protein does coronaviridae have on the envelope?

A

S protein

*spike glycoprotein

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6
Q

Where does coronaviridae replicate in the cell?

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

What two domains does Coronaviridae have that helps it bind to the host cells?

A

S1 and S2

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8
Q

Coronaviridae is ___ stranded RNA

A

single

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9
Q

How does coronaviridae get into the host cell?

A

budding

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10
Q

What is a highly contagious disease of piglets that causes diarrhea and high mortality?

A

Transmissible Gastroenteritis in pigs

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11
Q

What are the two forms of Transmissible Gastoenteritis?

A

epidemic form- severe form, first time in herd

endemic form- less severe, partially immune herd

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12
Q

What part of the US is transmissible gastroenteritis common?

A

midwestern

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13
Q

How is TGE transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

*spread between farms by boots, equipment, and birds, dogs, and cats

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14
Q

What does TGE do in the intestine?

A

atrophy of intestinal villi

*replicated in intestine

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15
Q

What does TGE cause in pigs?

A

diarrhea

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16
Q

True/False: TGE has a slow onset in pigs

A

False

Sudden onset- explosive outbreaks

Incubation of 24-48hrs

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17
Q

What are some clinical signs of TGE?

A

diarrhea

vomit

dehydration

bloated gut

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18
Q

What kind of PCR can be used in TGE?

A

RT-PCR

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19
Q

How is TGE controlled?

A

recombinant vaccine of pregnant sows and neonatal pigs

isolation of sows

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20
Q

What system can be used at a farm to decrease chances of TGE?

A

all-in all-out management system

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21
Q

What does Porcine epidemic diarrhea cause in pigs and how is it transmitted?

A

diarrhea

fecal-oral route

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22
Q

What is another name for Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis?

A

Vomiting and wasting diseaes in pigs

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23
Q

What does porcine hemagglutinating encaphalomyelitis do to red blood cells?

A

causes agglutination of red blood cells

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24
Q

How is Porcine Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis transmitted?

A

aerosol route

*nasal secretions

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25
What does porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis cause in piglets less than 2 weeks old?
Acute encephalomyelitiis
26
What does porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis cause in pigs less than 4 weeks of age?
Wasting
27
What are the two forms of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis?
vomiting and wasting disease- vomiting, anorexia, neonatal pigs can die encephalomyelitic form- nervous signs, tremors, ultimately the piglets die
28
What is the main clinical sign of Bovine Coronavirus Infection in calves?
diarrhea in calves \*also have respiratory signs
29
What season is Bovine coronavirus infection most common?
winter months
30
How is Bovine Coronavirus infection transmitted?
fecal-oral
31
Where does bovine coronavirus infection attack and repilate in the body?
small intestine and large intestine
32
What does bovine coronavirus infection cause other than diarrhea?
Also replicates in upper respiratory tract causing respiratory symptoms \*rhinitis and tracheitis
33
What is the best therapy for a a calf with bovine coronavirus infection?
fluid therapy
34
What is the best way to prevent bovine coronavirus infection in calves?
vaccination \*of pregnant cows so they can pass the immunity to calves during milking
35
What coronavirus disease occurs most commonly in mature cows that have recently lactated?
Winter Dysentry
36
How is winter dysentery transmitted?
fecal oral route
37
What are the clinical signs associated with winter dysentry in cows?
explosive outbreak of diarrhea dehydration
38
True/False: Feline infectious peritonitis is not fatal
False Highly fatal
39
What is a highly fatal immune mediated disease of cats cause by coronavirus?
Feline infectious peritonitis
40
How is feline infectious peritonitis transmitted?
fecal oral \*also can be inhalation or transplacental
41
What are the distribution percentages of disease observed in cats with FIP?
resistant- 5-10%- no clinical signs transient infection- 70% mild diarrhea persistent carrier- 5-10% (shed virus) Feline infectious peritonitis- 1-3%
42
Feline infectious peritonitis has increased affinity for \_\_\_\_
macrophages
43
When Feline enteric coronavirus enters the gut of a cat it undergoes ___ leading to a large number of viruses
mutation
44
Most mutations of feline infectious peritonitis are \_\_\_\_
avirulent and cause no damage
45
Feline infectious peritonitis is a mutation of \_\_\_\_\_
feline enteric coronavirus
46
A strong ____ immune response can prevent Feline infectious peritonitis
cell mediated
47
What is the severe form of Feline infectious peritonitis and what does it cause?
effusive (wet) form Causes peritonitis, vasculitis, intravascular coagulation ect.
48
Feline Infectious peritonitis has the ability to weaken the cell mediated immunity and increase humoral immunity, which leads to the ___ form of the disease
effusive (wet)
49
The ___ form of feline infectious peritonitis occurs when cell mediated immunity is partially active
non effusive (dry) form
50
What two organs does the non effusive (dry) form of feline infectious peritonitis target?
CNS and eyes \*ocular lesions, CNS involvment
51
How does FIP enter the macrophages?
CD13 receptor
52
What spreads FIP throughout the body?
activated macrophages
53
What do activated macrophages release during FIP infection?
IL-10 and TNF
54
Can antibodies directed against the spike proteins of FIP clear the disease?
no antibodies don't work well against FIP
55
Formation of what during FIP leads to increased permeability causing edema
immune complexes
56
What are the clinical signs of the effusive form of FIP?
distended abdomen ascites pyogranulomatous foci in intestines/liver/omentum/ abdomen thoracic effusion- fluid in thoracic cavity
57
What are some clinical signs during the dry form of FIP?
meningoencephalitis Uveitis Keratic percipitates in cornea
58
What test is used to diagnoise FIP?
Rivalta test \*98% acetic acid + 5ml distilled water. If drop retains shape then positive for FIP
59
Is there a recommened vaccine for FIP?
vaccine is not recommended!!!! \*side effects
60
What is a coronavirus that is highly contagious and economically important in chickens?
avian infectious bronchitis
61
What protein in avian infectious bronchitis is antigenically significant?
S protein
62
Avian infectious bronchitis has _____ which are able to cross protect against all the serotypes
protectotypes
63
Where does avian infectious bronchitis have tropism?
respiratory system- mainly kidney (nephrotropic)
64
How is avian infectious bronchitis transmitted?
direct contact aerosol (coughing)
65
What are the three forms of avian infectious bronchitis disease?
repiratory disease- most common reproductive disorder- decline egg production/ abnormal eggs nephritis
66
Avian infectious bronchitis is present in ___ exudate
respiratory
67
What happens to the trachea in avian infectious bronchitis?
lumen becomes narrowed, possible hemorrhages bird has trouble breathing
68
How is avian infectious bronchitis controlled?
live vaccine- meat type inactivated vaccines- breeders
69
How is Torovirus transmitted and what does it cause in mammals?
fecal oral route diarrhea in mammals
70
Where does Bovine torovirus replicate?
Lower part of the small intestine

MY Virology FINAL (12 decks)

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