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MY Virology FINAL > Coronaviridae > Flashcards

Coronaviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What family of viruses is associated with SARS and MERS?

A

Coronaviridae

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2
Q

Is coronaviridae enveloped?

A

yes

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3
Q

What shape nucleocapsid does Coronavirus have?

A

Helical

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4
Q

what shape nucleocapsid does Torovirus have?

A

doughnut

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5
Q

What protein does coronaviridae have on the envelope?

A

S protein

*spike glycoprotein

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6
Q

Where does coronaviridae replicate in the cell?

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

What two domains does Coronaviridae have that helps it bind to the host cells?

A

S1 and S2

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8
Q

Coronaviridae is ___ stranded RNA

A

single

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9
Q

How does coronaviridae get into the host cell?

A

budding

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10
Q

What is a highly contagious disease of piglets that causes diarrhea and high mortality?

A

Transmissible Gastroenteritis in pigs

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11
Q

What are the two forms of Transmissible Gastoenteritis?

A

epidemic form- severe form, first time in herd

endemic form- less severe, partially immune herd

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12
Q

What part of the US is transmissible gastroenteritis common?

A

midwestern

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13
Q

How is TGE transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

*spread between farms by boots, equipment, and birds, dogs, and cats

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14
Q

What does TGE do in the intestine?

A

atrophy of intestinal villi

*replicated in intestine

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15
Q

What does TGE cause in pigs?

A

diarrhea

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16
Q

True/False: TGE has a slow onset in pigs

A

False

Sudden onset- explosive outbreaks

Incubation of 24-48hrs

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17
Q

What are some clinical signs of TGE?

A

diarrhea

vomit

dehydration

bloated gut

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18
Q

What kind of PCR can be used in TGE?

A

RT-PCR

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19
Q

How is TGE controlled?

A

recombinant vaccine of pregnant sows and neonatal pigs

isolation of sows

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20
Q

What system can be used at a farm to decrease chances of TGE?

A

all-in all-out management system

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21
Q

What does Porcine epidemic diarrhea cause in pigs and how is it transmitted?

A

diarrhea

fecal-oral route

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22
Q

What is another name for Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis?

A

Vomiting and wasting diseaes in pigs

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23
Q

What does porcine hemagglutinating encaphalomyelitis do to red blood cells?

A

causes agglutination of red blood cells

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24
Q

How is Porcine Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis transmitted?

A

aerosol route

*nasal secretions

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25
Q

What does porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis cause in piglets less than 2 weeks old?

A

Acute encephalomyelitiis

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26
Q

What does porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis cause in pigs less than 4 weeks of age?

A

Wasting

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27
Q

What are the two forms of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis?

A

vomiting and wasting disease- vomiting, anorexia, neonatal pigs can die

encephalomyelitic form- nervous signs, tremors, ultimately the piglets die

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28
Q

What is the main clinical sign of Bovine Coronavirus Infection in calves?

A

diarrhea in calves

*also have respiratory signs

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29
Q

What season is Bovine coronavirus infection most common?

A

winter months

30
Q

How is Bovine Coronavirus infection transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

31
Q

Where does bovine coronavirus infection attack and repilate in the body?

A

small intestine and large intestine

32
Q

What does bovine coronavirus infection cause other than diarrhea?

A

Also replicates in upper respiratory tract causing respiratory symptoms

*rhinitis and tracheitis

33
Q

What is the best therapy for a a calf with bovine coronavirus infection?

A

fluid therapy

34
Q

What is the best way to prevent bovine coronavirus infection in calves?

A

vaccination

*of pregnant cows so they can pass the immunity to calves during milking

35
Q

What coronavirus disease occurs most commonly in mature cows that have recently lactated?

A

Winter Dysentry

36
Q

How is winter dysentery transmitted?

A

fecal oral route

37
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with winter dysentry in cows?

A

explosive outbreak of diarrhea

dehydration

38
Q

True/False: Feline infectious peritonitis is not fatal

A

False

Highly fatal

39
Q

What is a highly fatal immune mediated disease of cats cause by coronavirus?

A

Feline infectious peritonitis

40
Q

How is feline infectious peritonitis transmitted?

A

fecal oral

*also can be inhalation or transplacental

41
Q

What are the distribution percentages of disease observed in cats with FIP?

A

resistant- 5-10%- no clinical signs

transient infection- 70% mild diarrhea

persistent carrier- 5-10% (shed virus)

Feline infectious peritonitis- 1-3%

42
Q

Feline infectious peritonitis has increased affinity for ____

A

macrophages

43
Q

When Feline enteric coronavirus enters the gut of a cat it undergoes ___ leading to a large number of viruses

A

mutation

44
Q

Most mutations of feline infectious peritonitis are ____

A

avirulent and cause no damage

45
Q

Feline infectious peritonitis is a mutation of _____

A

feline enteric coronavirus

46
Q

A strong ____ immune response can prevent Feline infectious peritonitis

A

cell mediated

47
Q

What is the severe form of Feline infectious peritonitis and what does it cause?

A

effusive (wet) form

Causes peritonitis, vasculitis, intravascular coagulation ect.

48
Q

Feline Infectious peritonitis has the ability to weaken the cell mediated immunity and increase humoral immunity, which leads to the ___ form of the disease

A

effusive (wet)

49
Q

The ___ form of feline infectious peritonitis occurs when cell mediated immunity is partially active

A

non effusive (dry) form

50
Q

What two organs does the non effusive (dry) form of feline infectious peritonitis target?

A

CNS and eyes

*ocular lesions, CNS involvment

51
Q

How does FIP enter the macrophages?

A

CD13 receptor

52
Q

What spreads FIP throughout the body?

A

activated macrophages

53
Q

What do activated macrophages release during FIP infection?

A

IL-10 and TNF

54
Q

Can antibodies directed against the spike proteins of FIP clear the disease?

A

no

antibodies don’t work well against FIP

55
Q

Formation of what during FIP leads to increased permeability causing edema

A

immune complexes

56
Q

What are the clinical signs of the effusive form of FIP?

A

distended abdomen

ascites

pyogranulomatous foci in intestines/liver/omentum/ abdomen

thoracic effusion- fluid in thoracic cavity

57
Q

What are some clinical signs during the dry form of FIP?

A

meningoencephalitis

Uveitis

Keratic percipitates in cornea

58
Q

What test is used to diagnoise FIP?

A

Rivalta test

*98% acetic acid + 5ml distilled water. If drop retains shape then positive for FIP

59
Q

Is there a recommened vaccine for FIP?

A

vaccine is not recommended!!!!

*side effects

60
Q

What is a coronavirus that is highly contagious and economically important in chickens?

A

avian infectious bronchitis

61
Q

What protein in avian infectious bronchitis is antigenically significant?

A

S protein

62
Q

Avian infectious bronchitis has _____ which are able to cross protect against all the serotypes

A

protectotypes

63
Q

Where does avian infectious bronchitis have tropism?

A

respiratory system- mainly

kidney (nephrotropic)

64
Q

How is avian infectious bronchitis transmitted?

A

direct contact

aerosol (coughing)

65
Q

What are the three forms of avian infectious bronchitis disease?

A

repiratory disease- most common

reproductive disorder- decline egg production/ abnormal eggs

nephritis

66
Q

Avian infectious bronchitis is present in ___ exudate

A

respiratory

67
Q

What happens to the trachea in avian infectious bronchitis?

A

lumen becomes narrowed, possible hemorrhages

bird has trouble breathing

68
Q

How is avian infectious bronchitis controlled?

A

live vaccine- meat type

inactivated vaccines- breeders

69
Q

How is Torovirus transmitted and what does it cause in mammals?

A

fecal oral route

diarrhea in mammals

70
Q

Where does Bovine torovirus replicate?

A

Lower part of the small intestine

MY Virology FINAL (12 decks)

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