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B&B > Retino-vitreal disorders > Flashcards

Retino-vitreal disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Central & branch vein occlusions- Eti

A
  • DM, HTN, Hyperlipidemia & glaucoma

- Estrogen tx

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2
Q

Central & branch vein occlusions- Sx

A
  • No pain or redness
  • Sudden monocular loss of vision, noticed upon waking
  • Widespread hemorrhages, venous dilation, cotton wool spots
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3
Q

Central & branch vein occlusions- Dx

A
  • Screen for underlying cause
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4
Q

Central & branch vein occlusions- Tx

A
  • Lasar photocoagulation

- VEGF inhibitor

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5
Q

Central & branch artery occlusions- Eti

A
  • Giant cell arteritis

- Carotid & cardiac emboli

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6
Q

Central & branch artery occlusions- Sx

A
  • Sudden, profound monocular visual loss
  • Highly reduced visual acuity
  • Pallid swelling of retina, cherry red spot on fovea
  • Box-car segmentation of veins
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7
Q

Central & branch artery occlusions- Dx

A

Determine underlying cause:

  • ESR & CRP for giant cell arteritis
  • DM, hyperlipidemia
  • Emboli
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8
Q

Central & branch artery occlusions- Tx

A
  • Lay flat, ocular massage, O2, acetazolamide

- Corticosteroids for GCA

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9
Q

Retinal detachment- Eti

A
  • Spontaneous tears of holes due to degenerative changes
  • > 50
  • Nearsightedness & cataract extraction most common cause
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10
Q

Retinal detachment- Sx

A
  • Rapid loss of vision with curtain of spreading across field of vision
  • No pain or redness
  • Detachment seen on ophthalmoscope
  • Increase in floaters
  • photophobias
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11
Q

Retinal detachment- Tx

A
  • Lasar photocoagulation

- Cryotherapy

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12
Q

Posterior uveitis- Eti

A
  • Sarcoidosis, Tb, toxo, syphallis, alopecia, HIV
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13
Q

Posterior uveitis- Sx

A
  • Gradual loss of vision in quiet eye
  • Inflammatory lesion in retina
  • Bilateral
  • Vitreous haze
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14
Q

Posterior uveitis- Tx

A
  • Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppression

- Tx underlying antimicrobial infection

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15
Q

Diabetic retinopathy- Eti

A
  • 35% diabetic patients
  • 20% type 2 at dx
  • Within 3 yrs in type 1
  • Leading cause of blindness
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16
Q

Diabetic retinopathy- Sx

A
  • Non-proliferative: Hard exudates, hemorrhage, edema, microaneuryisms, macular ischemia leading to vision loss
  • Proliferative: Neovascularization from optic disc. May lead to retinal detachment
17
Q

Diabetic retinopathy- Dx

A

Screening is impairative

  • Yearly fundal photography, slit lamp examination
  • More frequent screening in pregnancy
18
Q

Diabetic retinopathy- Tx

A
  • Control DM, HTN, renal fxn, lipids

- Lasar photocoagulation

19
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy- Eti

A
  • Systemic HTN
  • Young pts with abrupt changes
  • Pheochromocytoma, malignany HTN, pre-eclampsia
20
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy- Sx

A
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Silver/ copper wiring
  • AV nicking
  • Flame shaped hemorrhages
  • Cotton wool spots
21
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy- Tx

A

Reduce & control BP

22
Q

HIV retinopathy- Eti

A
  • Most common opthal abn
23
Q

HIV retinopathy- Sx

A
  • Cotton wool spots
  • Retinal hemorrhages
  • Micro-aneurysms
  • Reduced contrast sensitivity
  • CMV retinitis- progressively enlarging yellowish- white patches
  • Other opportunistic infections
24
Q

HIV retinopathy- Tx

A
  • Valganciclovir & HAART
25
Q

Ischemic optic neuropathy- Eti

A
  • Anterior most common
  • Inadequate perfusion of ciliary arteries
  • Giant cell arteritis
  • Congenitally crowded disc
  • HTN, DM, vasculitis, thrombophelia, apnea
26
Q

Ischemic optic neuropathy- Sx

A
  • Sudden, painless visual loss

- Optic disc swelling

27
Q

Ischemic optic neuropathy- Tx

A
  • High dose corticosteroids
28
Q

Vitreous hemorrhage- Eti

A
  • Retinal tear, DM or sickle cell retinopathy,

- vasculitis, trauma

29
Q

Vitreous hemorrhage- Sx

A
  • Sudden visual loss
  • Abrupt onset of floaters, increasing in severity
  • Wide range of visual acuity
  • Bleeding in the eye
30
Q

Vitreous hemorrhage- Dx

A
  • Inability to see fundal details with presence of clear lens
  • Collection of blood in front of retina
31
Q

Macular degeneration- Eti

A
  • Age related, >50 yrs
  • Genetically determined variations in complement & lipoproteins
  • Wet (90%) or dry
  • White, female, cigarettes, aspirin
32
Q

Macular degeneration- Sx

A
  • Acute or chronic deterioration of central vision
  • Atrophic: progressive, bilateral loss
  • Neovascular : New vessels, serous fluid, hemorrhage, fibrosis, rapid onset, uni to bilateral
  • Retinal drusen- discrete yellow deposits
  • No pain, redness
  • Distortion/ abn size of images
33
Q

Macular degeneration- Tx

A
  • Oral antioxidants

- VEGF inhibitors

B&B (13 decks)

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