Lens disorders & Glaucoma Flashcards
1
Q
Cataracts- Eti
A
- Opacity of crystalline lens
- leading cause of blindness
- Due to trauma, congenital , smoking, corticosteroids
- Age related most common
2
Q
Cataracts- Sx
A
- Progressively blurring vision
- No pain or redness
- Lens opacities visible
- Glare when driving/ bright lights
3
Q
Cataracts- Dx
A
- Absent fundal reflection
- White pupil
4
Q
Cataracts- Tx
A
- Surgery if visual impairment
5
Q
Dislocation of lens- Eti
A
- Congenital/ hereditary- bilateral dislocation due to CT disorder
- Traumatic- contusion
- Can lead to uvitis and glaucoma
6
Q
Dislocation of lens- Sx
A
- Blurred vision
- Dislocated lens visible in pupil
- Quivering of iris with eye movement
7
Q
Dislocation of lens- Tx
A
- Lens removal and replacement
- wait and watch
8
Q
Chronic/ Open-angle Glaucoma- Eti
A
- Heritable & DM
- Caribbean, African & hispanics
- 2% population
- Elevated intraocular pressure due to reduced aqueous fluid drainage
9
Q
Chronic/ Open-angle Glaucoma- Sx
A
- Insideous progressive bilateral loss of peripheral vision
- Tunnel vision- good central vision
- Cupping of optic discs
- Increased intraocular pressure
- Asymmetry in cup to disc ratio
10
Q
Chronic/ Open-angle Glaucoma- Tx
A
- Prostaglandin analogs
- Topical beta andrenergics
- Laser therapy & surgery
11
Q
Acute/ angle closure glaucoma- Eti
A
- Closure of pre-existing narrow anterior chamber angle
- Inuits & Asians
- Precipitated by pupiliar dilation, anticholinergics or sympathomimetics
12
Q
Acute/ angle closure glaucoma- Sx
A
- Extreme pain and blurred vision
- Halos around lights
- Nausea and abdominal pain
- Red eye, cloudy cornea
- Pupil dilated & non-reactive to light
- Hard eye on palpation - > 50 mmHg
13
Q
Acute/ angle closure glaucoma- Tx
A
- Acetazolamide to reduce intraocular pressure
- Pilocarpine to reverse angle closure
