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B&B > Ocular emergencies > Flashcards

Ocular emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Corneal abrasion- Eti

A

Scratch of cornea

- Fingernail, paper, contacts

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2
Q

Corneal abrasion- Sx

A
  • Severe pain

- Photophobia

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3
Q

Corneal abrasion- Dx

A
  • Fluorescein

- RO foregin body

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4
Q

Corneal abrasion- Tx

A
  • Bacitracin ointment
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5
Q

Temporal arteritis- Eti

A
  • Systemic inflammation of medium & large vessels
  • Pts > 50-65
  • Assoc with polymyalgia
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6
Q

Temporal arteritis- Sx

A
  • Jaw claudication
  • HA, scalp tenderness
  • Diplopia & monocular loss of vision
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7
Q

Temporal arteritis- Dx

A
  • ESR increased
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8
Q

Temporal arteritis-Tx

A

Prednisone

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9
Q

Thermal burns- Eti

A

Thermal- Burn to lids, cornea & conjuntiva

Chemical- Acid or alkali, work related

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10
Q

Thermal burns- Sx

A

Thermal- Hyperemia- engorgement and increase in flow to vessels.
- Necrosis, edema & corneal haze
Chemical- Alkali more serious. Diffuse edema, ulcerations

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11
Q

Thermal burns- Tx

A

Thermal- Anesthetic, mydriatic agent. Good prog.

Chemical- Copious irrigation, buffering

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12
Q

Amaurosis fugax- Eti

A
  • Transient monocular blindness

- Retinal emboli, occlsion, optic disc swelling

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13
Q

Amaurosis fugax- Sx

A
  • Monocular loss of vision with complete recovery within mins
  • Curtain effect- curtain passing across visual filed
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14
Q

Amaurosis fugax- Dx

A
  • Tx underlying cause

- CCB, ASA

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15
Q

Corneal/ conjunctival foreign body- Eti

A
  • Foreign body in eye
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16
Q

Corneal/ conjunctival foreign body- Sx

A
  • Have something in eye
  • Consistant hx
  • present on cornea or upper lid
  • Rust ring if steel
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17
Q

Corneal/ conjunctival foreign body- Dx

A
  • Test visual acuity

- Sterile flourescein

18
Q

Corneal/ conjunctival foreign body- Tx

A
  • Remove with sterile, wet application
  • Bacitracin
  • No eye-patch
  • Steel- Excise affected tissue
19
Q

Ocular trauma/ globe rupture- Eti

A
  • Leading cause of monocular blindness
  • Any type of trauma to orbit
  • Forceful blow or corneal laceration
20
Q

Ocular trauma/ globe rupture- Sx

A
  • Irregular, displaced pupol
  • Hyphema
  • Contents spilling from globe
  • Flattened anterior chamber
21
Q

Ocular trauma/ globe rupture- Tx

A
  • Light bandage & rigid shield
  • Analgesics & abx
  • Antiemetics
22
Q

Intraocular foreign body- Eti

A
  • Grinding or hammering
  • Into eye through cornea
  • Increased risk of intraocular infection
23
Q

Intraocular foreign body- Sx

A
  • Something hit eye

- marked loss in vision, opacity

24
Q

Intraocular foreign body- Tx

A
  • Abx, mydriatic, analgesics
25
Q

Traumatic iritis/ Anterior Uveitis- Eti

A
  • Autoimmune associated
  • Trauma
  • Intraocular inflammation of iris
26
Q

Traumatic iritis/ Anterior Uveitis-Sx

A
  • Photophobia
  • Pain
  • Distorded, miotic pupil
  • Inflammatory cells and redness
27
Q

Traumatic iritis/ Anterior Uveitis-Tx

A
  • Mydriatic agents

- Steroids

28
Q

Orbital fracture- Eti

A

Fracture of orbital floor

29
Q

Orbital fracture- Sx

A
  • Enopthalmos
  • Hypotropia ( eye displaced downward)
  • Diplopia
  • Limited upward EOM
  • Decreased sensation over maxilla
30
Q

Orbital fracture- Tx

A

Analgesics, abx, eye patch

31
Q

Orbital Cellulitis- Eti

A
  • S. pneumo or H flu infection of paranasal sinus
32
Q

Orbital Cellulitis- Sx

A
  • Proptosis
  • Restricted EOMs
  • Swelling and lid redness
  • Fever
33
Q

Orbital Cellulitis- Tx

A

IV abx- prevent optic neuritis

- Penicillin

34
Q

Orbital palsy- Eti

A
  • Intracranial or intraoribal lesion
  • Myasthnia gravis
  • Graves
  • CN 6- Intracranial pressure
35
Q

Orbital palsy- CN 3- Sx

A
  • Ptosis
  • Depressed eye
  • Dosent contract to light
  • Lateral EOM intact, all others off
36
Q

Orbital palsy- CN 4- Sx

A

Upward deviation of eye

37
Q

Orbital palsy- CN 6- Sx

A
  • Convergent squint
  • Failure of ABduction
  • Diplopia
38
Q

Orbital palsy-Dx/Tx

A
  • MRI

- Refer

39
Q

Periorbital contusion- Eti

A
  • Contusion injury to eye and surrounding structures
40
Q

Periorbital contusion- Sx

A
  • Ecchymosis

- Lots of complications

41
Q

Periorbital contusion- Tx

A
  • Refer

- Danger of secondary hemorrhage- no aspirin

B&B (13 decks)

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