Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Theriogenology > Retained Placenta, SIPS, Pyometra, Vaginal Hyperplasia, Brucellosis, and ORS > Flashcards

Retained Placenta, SIPS, Pyometra, Vaginal Hyperplasia, Brucellosis, and ORS Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What do you give for hemorrhage post-partum?

A

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Hct of dogs commonly at term?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are clinical signs of retained placenta?

A

Thick vaginal discharge

Possible toxic discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is given as treatment for retained placenta?

A

Oxytocin q4-6 hours for 3 days
Prostaglandins for ecbolic effects
Antibiotics if showing clinical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is acute metritis?

A

Ascending infection of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are clinical signs of acute metritis?

A 
Fever
Dehydration
Anorexia
Depression
Purulent discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is a nonodorous, greenish black liquid in the uterus normal?

A

Yes, it is normal lochia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is helpful in diagnosing acute metritis?

A

Culture and cytology to look for degenerative nutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is supportive care needed for acute metritis?

A

Hypovolemic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can you treat acute metritis?

A

Antibiotics
Prostaglandins more commonly
Oxytocin can be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a clinical sign of sub-involution of placental sites?

A

Sanguineous vaginal discharge for longer than 6 weeks (up to 16 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes sub-involution of placental sites?

A

Trophoblastic cells invade the endometrium and erode into a blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment for sub-involution of placental sites?

A

Young bitches <3 years: OHE in worst cases
Generally resolve spontaneously: several weeks to net proestrus
OHE in worst cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is vaginal hyperplasia typically seen?

A

During proestrus and estrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is vaginal hyperplasia a condition of?

A

Estrogen exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the treatment options for vaginal hyperplasia?

A

Ovulatory induction
OHE
Topical therapy
Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are clinical signs of acute mastitis?

A

Hot, painful, enlarged glands

Hematogenous, ascending through teat orifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are common causes of acute mastitis?

A

Staphylococcus sp.
Streptococcus sp.
E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do you treat acute mastitis with?

A

Supportive care and antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a rule out for acute mastitis?

A

Mammary adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is pyometra?

A

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is pyometra secondary to?

A

Repeated exposure to progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When does the uterus become infected leading to pyometra?

A

During estrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When does the uterus become pus filled with pyometra?

A

During diestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a common problem associated with pyometra?
Releases toxins into the circulation
26
What is the most common cause of pyometra?
E. coli
27
What is the signalment associated with pyometra?
4 to 8 weeks after estrus | Middle to older aged intact female
28
What are the clinical signs of pyometra?
``` ADR PU/PD Anorexic Vaginal discharge Depressed Shock and death ```
29
True or false: dogs with a closed cervix pyometra are less sick.
False. Dogs with an open cervix pyometra aren't as sick because they are getting some relief. Closed has more clinical signs because it is full of pus that can't get out
30
Why does PU/PD happen with pyometra?
E. coli releases endotoxin which causes a problem with ADH absorption
31
What diagnostics are used for pyometra?
``` Vaginal cytology CBC Chem panel Rads and US Culture ```
32
If you had one diagnostic tool to use for pyometra, what would it be and why?
US | A pyometra will appear hyperechoic and will look like a snow globe
33
What are the cytology findings with pyometra?
A lot of degenerative neutrophils
34
What will show up in most cases on CBC?
Leukocytosis, though if it is normal or less we would not rule pyometra out May have changes in BUN
35
What would be the results of a urinalysis with pyometra?
Concurrent UTI with the same bacteria
36
True or False: you would use cystocentesis for obtaining a urine sample in a dog with pyometra.
False. DO NOT USE CYSTOCENTESIS. Free catch is a better option.
37
What is the best treatment for pyometra?
OHE
38
What is the medical management for pyometra?
Select patients carefully. If extremely ill do not use. Only consider with valuable breeding animals and those with open cervix Prostaglandins: 0.25 mg/kg/day, SQ, for 5 days starting with a lower dose Supportive care OHE once breeding career is finished
39
What is ORS a complication of?
OHE
40
Is ORS more common in cats or dogs?
Cats
41
When does ORS occur?
When a piece of retained ovary becomes functional
42
What are clinical signs of ORS?
Spayed female exhibiting signs of proestrus/estrus: vuvlar swelling, mucoid to serosanguious discharge, behavioral signs Pseudocyesis
43
What are the various conditions that cause blood vaginal dischatge in spayed females?
``` ORS Vaginitis Vaginal neoplasia Stump pyometra Trauma Exogenous estrogen exposure ```
44
What is the average interval from OHE to estrus?
Over 15 months
45
What can be used for diagnosis of ORS?
Vaginal cytology Vaginoscopy Rads and US are usually not helpful Hormone profile
46
What is seen on vaginal cytology with ORS?
Consistent with proestrus or estrus in the absence of exogenous estrogen exposure Predominant cornified/superficial cells
47
What is seen with vaginoscopy with ORS?
Vaginal edema
48
When is using US an exception for ORS?
Large breed dogs with large follicles or cysts present
49
What hormones should be checked with ORS?
P4 LH AMH
50
When should P4 be measured when testing for ORS?
After estrus subsides (2 weeks later)
51
What does the presence of P4 > 2 confirm?
The presence of luteal tissue
52
What should be given to cats to test their P4 for ORS?
GnRH because they are induced ovulators
53
How is the LH concentration used in diagnosing ORS?
Spayed females have a high LH, so if LH is low it is likely that the animal has ORS You must be careful using this in a dog with potential ORS becuase they will still have an LH surge on one day, so test for a couple of days
54
What is AMH produced by?
Sertoli cells and granulosa cells
55
What do elevated AMH levels indicate?
Functional ovarian tissue
56
What is the treatment of ORS?
Remove offending tissue surgically | Lifelong medical management with mibolerone (not recommended)
57
What was canine brucellosis identified as a cause of if 1966?
Infertility and abortion
58
Is brucellosis zoonotic?
Yes
59
What states is brucellosis reportable in?
Georgia and Illinois
60
What causative agents of brucellosis are reportable in MS?
Brucella abortus, suis, and melitensis
61
What is the etiology of canine brucellosis?
Brucella canis is an obligate intracellular gram-negative coccobacillus Natural infection restricted to canines
62
What are the modes of transmission of canine brucellosis?
Ingestion of bacteria (most common) Venereal transmission AI Vertical transmission
63
What can be ingested that will contain the bacteria to cause brucellosis?
Placental tissue Vaginal discharge Mammary secretions
64
How can AI cause brucellosis?
Most extenders with antibiotics have been found to be ineffective against B. canis
65
How does vertical transmission cause brucellosis?
Congenital infection if pups are born alive and survive | Ingestion of milk from infected bitch
66
What are the clinical signs of canine brucellosis?
Infertility (most common) Most dogs show no or few Prolonged bacteremia (1-2 years) without fever Reproductive disorders in the bitch: abortion late in gestation (classic sign), early embryonic death, sero-purulent vaginal discharge Reproductive disorders in the male: Prostatitis, Epididymitis, Scrotal dermatitis, Testicular degeneration, Orchitis is rare ``` General symptoms: Lymphadenopathy Anterior uveitis Discospondylitis Arthritis PLN ```
67
What tests can be used to diagnose canine brucellosis?
``` Serology Rapid card agglutination test (RCAT) AGID Culture PCR of semen or vaginal swab ```
68
How is serology used when diagnosing brucellosis?
Significant lag time between initial exposure/infection to seroconversion/positive blood culture Seroconversion: 8-12 weeks Blood culture positive: 4-6 weeks
69
What is the RCAT?
Antibodies to Brucella LPS antigen Very sensitive, not very specific Cross reacts with antibodies agains Bordetella, Pseudomonas, Moraxella-type organisms 2-mercaptoethanol increases specificity
70
What is the AGID?
Used to confirm positive RSAT Cytoplasmic antigens More specific 12 weeks to seroconvert
71
What is the gold standard for diagnosing brucellosis?
Culture though it can be very difficult to grow and rarely done because it is a danger to ab personnel
72
What are animals that are chonically infected with brucellosis like?
May never be febrile despite persistent bacteremia | Males have testicular degeneration
73
What is the treatment of brucellosis?
Euthanasia should always be considered OHE/Castration Baytril for 30 days Doxycycline + gentamicin + rifamoin
74
What are older therapies of brucellosis that rarely cured it?
Tetracycline + streptomycin | Minocycline + streptomycin
75
How can brucellosis be controlled?
Quarantine kennel Clean kennels daily Test and eliminate all positives Test monthly until 3 negative tests in a row Test every 6-12 months for surveillance House new dogs separately for 2 months Should have 2 negative tests before introduction

Theriogenology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions