Canine Semen Collection and BSE Basics Flashcards
How is semen ejaculated?
In 3 fractions:
1st: pre-sperm fraction (clear)
2nd: sperm rich fraction (cloudy)
3rd: prostatic fluid (clear)
Which fraction of semen is the most valuable?
2nd
What is the purpose of the first fraction?
Flush the urethra
What is the volume of the first fraction?
Usually less than 1 ml
What is the volume of the second fraction?
1-3 mls
Which fraction is the largest?
3rd, it can reach 10-15 mls
Why would the 3rd fraction be collected?
To learn more about the condition of the prostate
What is the progressive motility in normal dogs?
Should exceed 70%
What should normal morphology of semen be?
70%
What should the total sperm numbers be?
Between 200 million and 1.5 billion (10 million per pound of body weight)
What is the purpose of BSE?
To predict fertility and identify marginally/subfertile males
What is a BSE often used in?
Older males
Males who were bred to female who failed to whelp
Young, untested males
Males prior to shipping or freezing of semen
What should a BSE include?
A good physical exam
Review of breeding history
Rectal exam to evaluate prostate
Thorough exam of scrotum, both testes, and epididymides
Evaluate of extruded penis
Semen collection and complete evaluation
Brucellosis testing often included/recommended
What should be done in a reproductive exam?
Palpation of scrotum and its contents
Palpation/exam of the penis and prepuce and visual inspection of extruded penis
Palpation/exam of the prostate gland
What should be done in a scrotal exam?
Testicular consistency is noted
Length, width, and height of each testicle is measured with caliper or use of US
Palpate scrotal skin
Identify the tail of the epididymis
What should the consistency of the testicle be like?
Should be firm but not hard or excessively soft
What should be done in a prostate exam?
Identify the pelvic portion of the penis
Prostate should be found at the depth of an index finger
Elevation of the dogs forelimbs or pressure in the caudal abdomen may help you feel the prostate if it is enlarges and has fallen forward due to size
Prostate should be bilobed, symmetrical, and uniform in consistency
When is the penis best palpated?
Before semen collection
What are indications for canine AI?
Animals that cannot copulate normally
Shipped or frozen semen is used
What does the success of AI rely on?
Normal semen quality
Accurate timing of insemination
Appropriate site of deposition
What are the AI techniques?
Vaginal
Trans-cervical
Surgical
What does the timing of insemination depend on?
Type of semen being used
Longevity of semen
What is the procedure of vaginal AI?
Collect semen in insemination pipette
Place in external cervical os
What is the conception rate with vaginal AI?
70-85%
Increases with >1 breeding
What are the indications for chilled semen?
Shipped semen
What is found in chilled semen?
Extender added to prolong life span of sperm
Protection of spermatozoal membranes from changes in temperature (lipoprotein form milk or egg yoklk)
Fructose or glucose provides energy
pH stabilizer
Lowers metabolic rate
Antibiotic
What is the procedure for chilled semen AI?
Unpackage semen and review instructions
Place semen at external cervical os
Lifespan <4 days in normal dogs
What is the conception rate with chilled semen AI?
60-85%
Depends on semen quality and timing
What is used to do a transcervical AI?
Norwegian catheter
What are the advantages of transcervical AI?
Minimal sedation
Low cost
What are the disadvantages of transcervical AI?
Technically challenging
Not too popular in US
