Mismating Management, Contraception, and Ovarian Remnant Syndrome Flashcards
(55 cards)
What are questions to ask during the initial consult?
Is she in heat?
Was a “tie” observed?
If not, how long was the bitch missing?
Are puppies wanted in the future and why?
Is this bitch a valuable breeding animal?
Will you let me spay her?
What should be performed on all mismated bitches?
Vaginal cytology
What should you look for on cytology?
Sperm heads
What are the options for pregnancy termination?
OHE Prostaglandins Estrogens Prolcatin inhibitors Corticosteroids Progesterone antagonists
What is the mode of action of prostaglandins?
Direct luteolytic action with multiple doses Removes source of P4 Causes myometrial contractions Dilates the cervix Pregnancy is expelled
What are the side effects of prostaglandins?
Panting Excessive salivation Vomiting Diarrhea Begine within 5 minutes and can last 20-30 minutes Bitch may return to estrus sooner
What happens with repeated use of prostaglandins?
Side effects subside
How can you minimize the side effects of prostaglandins?
Give on empty stomach Start with lower doses and increase Dilute with saline Walk immediately after injections Atropine 0.1 mg/kg SQ
What is the dosing of prostaglandins?
Lutalyse: 50 μg/kg SQ TID for 2 days, then increase to 200 μg/kg SQ TID until abortion is complete
Cloprostenol: 2.505 μg/kg SQ every 24-48 hours for at least 2 doses
What is the problem with cloprostenol if used at the dose rate of lutalyse?
It could be fatal
When can estrogens be used?
Only during estrus
This is the only product that can be used at the time of mating
Can estrogens be used in the valuable breeding bitch?
No
What is the mode of action of estrogens?
Tightens the utero-tubular junction
“Kink” formed in the oviducts
Delays tubular transport of embryos
Alters estrogen:progesterone ratio leading to implantation failure
Direct embryotoxic effect
Collectively this leads to failure of pregnancy maintenance
What are the side effects of estrogens?
Pyometra
Bone marrow suppression
Prolonged estrus
Infertility at subsequent cycles
What are the estrogens that can be used?
Estradiol cypionate: 44 μg/kg IM once during estrus
Estradiol benzoate: 10 μg/kg IM twice at 48 hour intervals 2-3 days after mating
Diethylbesterol is not an effective mismating agent
What is the mode of action of corticosteroids?
High cortisol levels cause fetal production of prostaglandins leading to abortion
May have direct luteolytic actions
What are the side effect of corticosteroids?
Anorexia
PU/PD
When do you start corticosteroids?
Start after day 30 of gestation
What is the mode of action of prolactin inhibitors?
Increases dopamine release
Dopamine inhibits prolactin release
Prolactin is the primary luteotropin in the bitch
What do low prolacitn levels lead to?
Low P4 levels which causes abortion/pregnancy loss
What are the side effects of PRL inhibitors?
Nausea, vomiting
Anorexia
Diarrhea
What PRL inhibitor are side effects more common with?
Bromocriptine
When should you start using PRL inhibitors?
After day 30 of gestation
What drugs require you to confirm pregnancy loss at the end of treatment?
Corticosteroids
PRL inhibitors
