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Respiratory System & CVS Physiology Year 1 > Restrictive Lung Diseases > Flashcards

Restrictive Lung Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the physiological definition of restriction?

A

Forced vital capacity <80% of normal

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2
Q

What happens to all the volumes and capacities during restrictive lung disease?

A

They all get smaller

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3
Q

What is the marker of restriction?

A

Vital capacity

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4
Q

What is the marker of obstruction?

A

FEV1

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5
Q

What are anatomical causes of restriction?

A 
Lung 
Pleura
Muscle 
Bone 
Other
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6
Q

What are lung causes of restriction?

A

Interstitial lung diseases (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

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7
Q

What are the pleural causes of restriction?

A

Pleural effusions (fluid in pleural space), pneumothorax (air in pleural space), pleural thickening

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8
Q

What are skeletal causes of restriction?

A

Kyphoscoliosis
Ankylosis spondylitis
Thoracoplasty
Rib fractures

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9
Q

What are muscular causes of restriction?

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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10
Q

What are subdiaphragmatic causes of restriction?

A

Obesity and pregnancy

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11
Q

Where is the interstitium?

A

Tiny space between epithelium of alveoli and endothelium of the capillary

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12
Q

What are interstitial lung diseases?

A

Thickening of the interstitium lead to pulmonary fibrosis (lung fibrosis)

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13
Q

What is the shitologivsl hallmark for sarcoidosis?

A

Non caseating granuloma

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14
Q

What does erthyma nodosum mean?

A

Red nodules (lumpy)

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15
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for erythema nodosum?

A

Sarcoidosis
Infection
Some medications

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16
Q

Are granuloma found in the biopsy of erythema nodosum?

A

No

17
Q

If a patient is suspected to have sarcoidosis what must you do to their eyes?

A

Have them checked by a spec list like an optician.

18
Q

Where do granulomatus traditionally locate?

A

In areas of skin trauma such as tattoos or scars

19
Q

Who normally gets sarcoidosis?

A

Under 40s
Women > Men
World wide

20
Q

How do you investigate it?

A 
History and examination 
CXR 
Pulmonary function tests 
Bloods 
Urine analysis 
Eye exam
21
Q

What do you see in CXR of sarcoidosis?

A

Enlarged glands

22
Q

What is seen in CXR of stage 2 disease in sarcoidosis?

A

Spotty lungs

23
Q

What is seen in CXR of stage 3 disease in sarcoidosis?

A

Interstitial change

24
Q

What is seen in CXR of stage 4 disease in sarcoidosis?

A

Fibrotic lung disease

25
Q

What further assessment can be done for sarcoidosis?

A

Bronchoscopy including trans bronchial biopsies and endobronchial ultrasound

26
Q

What surgical biopsies may be needed?

A

Medistinoscopy

Video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy

27
Q

How is mild disease in sarcoidosis treated?

A

No treatment

28
Q

How is erythema nodosum treated from sarcoidosis?

A

NSAIDS

29
Q

How are skin lesions from sarcoidosis treated?

A

Topical steroids

30
Q

How do you treat cardiac, neurological and eye disease that isn’t responding to topical rx in sarcoidosis?

A

Systemic steroids

31
Q

What is the typical symptoms for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Chronic breathlessness and cough

32
Q

What is the typical age group for Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

60-70 years of age

33
Q

What are the main signs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Finger clubbing and crackles that don’t go away.

34
Q

What is the median survival for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

3 years

35
Q

What drugs can be used to slow down the lung fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Oral anti-fibrotic
Pirnfenidone
Nintedanib
Palliative care

36
Q

What are surgical options for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Transplant

Respiratory System & CVS Physiology Year 1 (58 decks)

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