Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Flashcards
What are common bacterial agents that cause infections?
strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catrrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae,
What are comon viral agents that cause infection?
RSV, parainfleunza III, influenze A and B, adenovirus
What are the principles of management of a LRTI?
Make a diagnosis, Asess the patient (oxygenation, hydration, nutrition), to treat or not to treat
What is tracheitis?
it is croup which doesnt get better, inflammation of the trachea.
What are the symptoms of tracheitis?
Barking cough, stridor, fever and sickness
Fever, sick child
Swollen tracheal wall, narrowed tracheal lumen, luminal debris
What bacteria causes tracheitis?
Staph or strep
What is an endobronchial infection?
An infection inside the airway
What are the symptoms of bronchitis?
loose rattly cough started off with an URTI with an end of the cough there is vomit (post tussive vomit)
What bacteria cause bronchitis?
Pneumococcus and Haemophilus
What is the mechanism of bacterial bronchitis?
Distrubed mucociliary clearance, lack of social inhibition, bacterial overgrowth is secondary.
How are bacterial infections transmitted during winter?
The respiratory virus is picked up, mucociliary escalator switches off for up to 4 weeks, cough and rattle, mucociliary escalator slowly recovers.
What is the natural history of bacterial bronchitis?
It follows URTI, lasts 4 weeks, 60-80% respond to antibiotics.
What URTI does bronchitis follow?
Rhinovirus
How does the cough morbidity vary with each winter?
First winter - bad, second winter better, Third winter - fine
What is the diagnosis for bacterial bronchitis?
Make a diagnosis, Reassure (parents and grandparents), Do not treat
How does bronchitis differ from bronchiolitis?
Bronchitis is the infection of the large airways and bronchiolitis is the infection of the small airways
What is bronchiolitis?
It is a LTRI of infants
What percentage of infants does bronchiolitis affect?
30 - 40%