Cardiothoracic Surgery In Non Malignant Situation

Question 1

What is a teretoma?

Answer 1

It contains cells that aren’t found in that organ or area

Question 2

What is a hamartoma?

Answer 2

It’s a build of tissue that belongs to the organ.

Question 3

What are the neural tumours linked with?

Answer 3

The intercostal nerves in the thorax

Question 4

Which type of pneumothorax is operated on?

Answer 4

Mostly primary

Question 5

What is the treatment for a patient with an open pneumothorax?

Answer 5

Wet rag and place over hole, but allow some air to escape.

Question 6

What Are indications for surgery in pneumothorax?

Answer 6

Recurrence
Persistence - still leaking air 7 days after the drain has been inserted.
Sometimes after one episode

Question 7

What is the normal surgical method for pneumothorax?

Answer 7

Talcon pleurodesis

Question 8

What are brinchigenic cysts?

Answer 8

It causes symptoms by pressing on the trachea or the oesophagus. It is present from birth. Belongs to foregut duplication cysts
.

Question 9

When in lung transplantation used?

Answer 9

Cystic fibrosis (double lung transplant)
Pulmonary fibrosis - idiopathic 
Emphysema - alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

Question 10

What are the criteria for lung transplantation?

Answer 10

Age less than sixty five
Not overweight 
Not diabetic
No renal failure 
No mental illness
Good social support

Question 11

What can cause lung abscesses?

Answer 11

Pneumonia
PTE

Lung Cancer
Septic Emboli
Aspiration

Question 12

What is an abscess?

Answer 12

Collection of pus surrounded by granulation tissue

Question 13

What are the 2 ways in which pus comes out the lungs?

Answer 13

Comes through the pleural cavity

Comes into the main airway and the patient coughs it up

Question 14

If the pus coughed up has a pungent smell what does this indicate?

Answer 14

That it is an anaerobic bacteria causing the problem

Question 15

What is empyema?

Answer 15

When there is pus in the pleural space

Question 16

What is empyema more commonly due to?

Answer 16

pneumonia

Question 17

In empyema what process occurs?

Answer 17

Inflammatory process

Prevents the lungs expanding

Question 18

What is a pleurectomy?

Answer 18

When the visceral pleural is peeled off the lungs surface
This can be difficult

Easier in young people as the lung will heal

Question 19

Will the CXR after a pleurectomy go back to normal?

Answer 19

No as there will always be a loss of volume on the affected lung

Question 20

What are the different thymic tumours?

Answer 20

Thymoma
Thymolipoma

Thymic carcinoma
Carcinoid Tumours
Lymphoma

Question 21

Why is it likely to remove benign tumours of the lung?

Answer 21

As they can grow to large size and take over the spaces that are there for the lungs

Question 22

What is pleurodesis procedure?

Answer 22

When talcum powder is used
Creates an inflammation

This promotes the bonding between the 2 pleura

Question 23

What is the mortality for single lung transplantation?

Answer 23

5-10%

Question 24

What is the mortality for double lung transplantation?

Answer 24

10 - 20%