Restless Leg Syndrome

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with restless leg syndrome?

Answer 1

Unpleasant sensations in the legs with an urge to move them. Symptoms worsen at rest, particularly in the evening and at night. Temporary relief with movement.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in restless leg syndrome?

Answer 2

Often normal physical exam. Possible signs of peripheral neuropathy if secondary RLS. No specific findings for primary RLS.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing restless leg syndrome?

Answer 3

Clinical diagnosis based on history and symptoms. Blood tests to rule out iron deficiency and other secondary causes. Polysomnography if sleep disorder is suspected.

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for restless leg syndrome?

Answer 4

Regular exercise and stretching. Good sleep hygiene. Avoidance of caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for restless leg syndrome?

Answer 5

Dopamine agonists (e.g., pramipexole, ropinirole). Alpha-2-delta calcium channel ligands (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin). Iron supplements if deficiency is present.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in restless leg syndrome patients?

Answer 6

Severe or rapidly worsening symptoms. Symptoms not relieved by initial treatment. Secondary causes such as peripheral neuropathy or iron deficiency.

Question 7

When should a patient with restless leg syndrome be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Severe or refractory cases. Need for advanced therapeutic interventions. Secondary causes requiring specialist management. Uncertain diagnosis.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to restless leg syndrome?

Answer 8

Dysfunction in dopaminergic pathways in the brain. Genetic predisposition. Associated with iron deficiency and peripheral neuropathy.