Bell's Palsy Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with Bell’s Palsy?
Sudden onset of unilateral facial weakness. Difficulty closing eye, drooping of mouth on affected side. Possible pain around ear. Recent viral illness.
What are the key physical examination findings in Bell’s Palsy?
Unilateral facial droop. Inability to close eye or smile on affected side. Loss of nasolabial fold. No other neurological deficits.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing Bell’s Palsy?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. MRI/CT if atypical features or slow progression. Electromyography (EMG) in severe or prolonged cases.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for Bell’s Palsy?
Eye care: artificial tears, eye patch to protect cornea. Facial exercises. Physical therapy to improve muscle strength and function.
What are the pharmacological management options for Bell’s Palsy?
Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) to reduce inflammation. Antivirals (e.g., acyclovir) if viral etiology suspected. Analgesics for pain management.
What are the red flags to look for in Bell’s Palsy patients?
Ocular symptoms: inability to close eye, vision changes. Severe pain, especially around the ear. Progressive or bilateral facial weakness. Other neurological deficits.
When should a patient with Bell’s Palsy be referred to a specialist?
Atypical or severe cases. No improvement after initial treatment. Persistent facial weakness or complications. Need for further diagnostic testing.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to Bell’s Palsy?
Acute inflammation and swelling of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). Often associated with viral infections (e.g., herpes simplex virus). Leads to temporary paralysis of facial muscles.
