Chronic Seizure Disorder in Adults Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with chronic seizure disorders in adults?
Recurrent unprovoked seizures. May have a history of head injury, stroke, or family history of seizures. Possible triggers: sleep deprivation, stress, alcohol.
What are the key physical examination findings in chronic seizure disorders in adults?
Often normal physical exam between seizures. Possible postictal confusion or weakness. Neurological deficits may indicate underlying structural abnormalities.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing chronic seizure disorders in adults?
EEG to detect epileptiform activity. MRI/CT to identify structural brain lesions. Blood tests to rule out metabolic causes.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for chronic seizure disorders in adults?
Avoid known seizure triggers. Educate on safety measures: avoid driving, swimming alone. Stress management and regular sleep.
What are the pharmacological management options for chronic seizure disorders in adults?
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs): lamotrigine, levetiracetam, valproate. Regular monitoring of drug levels and side effects. Consideration of surgical options in refractory cases.
What are the red flags to look for in chronic seizure disorder patients?
Status epilepticus: prolonged or repeated seizures without recovery. Sudden change in seizure frequency or pattern. Severe side effects from AEDs.
When should a patient with chronic seizure disorders be referred to a specialist?
Refractory seizures not controlled with medication. Consideration for epilepsy surgery. Need for advanced diagnostic testing or comprehensive epilepsy care.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to chronic seizure disorders?
Abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Can result from genetic mutations, structural brain abnormalities, or metabolic disturbances. Leads to recurrent, unprovoked seizures.
