Respondent Conditioning

Question 1

Give 3 other names for respondent conditioning.

Answer 1

Classical conditioning
Pavlovian conditioning
S-R Psychology

Question 2

What is an Unconditioned Reflex?

Answer 2

A stimulus-response relationships in which a stimulus automatically elicits a response with no prior learning

Question 3

Which behaviourist was most descriptive of these responses?

Answer 3

Skinner

Question 4

An Unconditioned Stimulus is

Answer 4

A stimulus that elicits a response without learning

Question 5

An Unconditioned Response is

Answer 5

A response elicited by a US

Question 6

What is the principle of Respondent Conditioning?

Answer 6

If a stimulus (NS) is closely followed by a US that elicits a UR, the NS will also elicit that response (may require several pairings)

Question 7

What is a Neutral Stimulus?

Answer 7

A stimulus that elicits no response. Can be paired with a US to become a CS

Question 8

Respondent behaviours are behaviours…

Answer 8

That are elicited by stimuli and are not affected by their consequence

Question 9

What is a conditioned reflex?

Answer 9

A stimulus-response relationship in which the stimulus elicits a response due to prior respondent conditioning

Question 10

A stimulus that elicits a response because that stimulus has previously been paired with another stimulus that elicits the response is called a

Answer 10

Conditioned Stimulus

Question 11

The response elicited by a CS is known as a

Answer 11

conditioned response

Question 12

In Pavlov’s dog study, ____ was the US, ____ was the UR and a ____ was the NS. By pairing the NS with the US it became a ____ and elicited the ____.

Answer 12

Meat; Salivation; Bell; CS; CR

Question 13

in Watson’s Little Albert Study, what was the US, UR, NS, CS, CR?

Answer 13

US - Loud sound; UR fear (crying); NS - rat; CS - rat; CR - crying

Question 14

How is respondent conditioning used to treat fear and anxiety?

Answer 14

Desensitisation

Question 15

What is counter conditioning?

Answer 15

the elimination of a CR by pairing the CS with an US/CS that elicits a different response. (Reinforcing an alternative response.)

Question 16

Respondent conditioning can be reversed by ____ ____.

Answer 16

Extinction

Question 17

Respondent Extinction involves…

Answer 17

presenting the CS without the US. This removes it’s ability to elicit the CR.

Question 18

A CR is extinguished faster if…

Answer 18

A new response that is incompatible with the old one is conditioned to the CS

Question 19

What is aversion therapy?

Answer 19

The process of pairing an undesirable response with an aversive stimulus to decrease the likelihood of that response occurring in future.

Question 20

The pairing is stronger if the ____(CS/US) precedes the ____(CS/US) by a short period.

Answer 20

CS precedes US

Question 21

3 factors influencing the effectiveness of Respondent Conditioning are:

Answer 21

1) strength/weakness of stimuli
2) no. of times CS and US are paired
3) Constantly paired

Question 22

What is higher order conditioning?

Answer 22

The procedure in which a NS becomes a CS by pairing it with a CS (as opposed to a US)

Question 23

What is the desensitisation process? (3 steps)

Answer 23

1) Teach relaxation techniques
2) Create an anxiety hierarchy
3) Work through the list, relaxing at each stage

Question 24

In desensitisation, what is the US, UR, CS, CR?

Answer 24

US - Relaxation strategy; UR - Relaxation; CS - Fear; CR - Relaxation

Question 25

What are the two types of desensitisation? What do they involve? Give a limitation of each.

Answer 25

1) Systematic; uses imagined feared stimulus; risk of failure to generalise
2) In vivo; actual exposure to the stimulus; can be expensive and risk of attrition