Respondent Conditioning Flashcards
Give 3 other names for respondent conditioning.
Classical conditioning
Pavlovian conditioning
S-R Psychology
What is an Unconditioned Reflex?
A stimulus-response relationships in which a stimulus automatically elicits a response with no prior learning
Which behaviourist was most descriptive of these responses?
Skinner
An Unconditioned Stimulus is
A stimulus that elicits a response without learning
An Unconditioned Response is
A response elicited by a US
What is the principle of Respondent Conditioning?
If a stimulus (NS) is closely followed by a US that elicits a UR, the NS will also elicit that response (may require several pairings)
What is a Neutral Stimulus?
A stimulus that elicits no response. Can be paired with a US to become a CS
Respondent behaviours are behaviours…
That are elicited by stimuli and are not affected by their consequence
What is a conditioned reflex?
A stimulus-response relationship in which the stimulus elicits a response due to prior respondent conditioning
A stimulus that elicits a response because that stimulus has previously been paired with another stimulus that elicits the response is called a
Conditioned Stimulus
The response elicited by a CS is known as a
conditioned response
In Pavlov’s dog study, ____ was the US, ____ was the UR and a ____ was the NS. By pairing the NS with the US it became a ____ and elicited the ____.
Meat; Salivation; Bell; CS; CR
in Watson’s Little Albert Study, what was the US, UR, NS, CS, CR?
US - Loud sound; UR fear (crying); NS - rat; CS - rat; CR - crying
How is respondent conditioning used to treat fear and anxiety?
Desensitisation
What is counter conditioning?
the elimination of a CR by pairing the CS with an US/CS that elicits a different response. (Reinforcing an alternative response.)
Respondent conditioning can be reversed by ____ ____.
Extinction
Respondent Extinction involves…
presenting the CS without the US. This removes it’s ability to elicit the CR.
A CR is extinguished faster if…
A new response that is incompatible with the old one is conditioned to the CS
What is aversion therapy?
The process of pairing an undesirable response with an aversive stimulus to decrease the likelihood of that response occurring in future.
The pairing is stronger if the ____(CS/US) precedes the ____(CS/US) by a short period.
CS precedes US
3 factors influencing the effectiveness of Respondent Conditioning are:
1) strength/weakness of stimuli
2) no. of times CS and US are paired
3) Constantly paired
What is higher order conditioning?
The procedure in which a NS becomes a CS by pairing it with a CS (as opposed to a US)
What is the desensitisation process? (3 steps)
1) Teach relaxation techniques
2) Create an anxiety hierarchy
3) Work through the list, relaxing at each stage
In desensitisation, what is the US, UR, CS, CR?
US - Relaxation strategy; UR - Relaxation; CS - Fear; CR - Relaxation
