Research

Question 1

The independent variable is…

Answer 1

The variable that is manipulated by the researcher to witness it’s effect on the D.V.
(The treatment/intervention used)

Question 2

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 2

The measure of behaviour

Question 3

What does internal validity refer to?

Answer 3

An experiment has high internal validity it convincingly demonstrates the I.V. caused the effect on the D.V.

Question 4

When does an experiment have high external validity?

Answer 4

When it’s findings can be generalised to other people, places, behaviours or treatments

Question 5

The 3 purposes of science are:

Answer 5

1) Description
2) Prediction
3) Control

Question 6

Descriptive research:

Answer 6

Research aimed at gathering current info about an area of interest

Question 7

Case studies are an example of ___ research

Answer 7

Descriptive

Question 8

Name 4 common descriptive research strategies

Answer 8

Case study; naturalistic observation; archival research; survey research

Question 9

Correlational research:

Answer 9

Research that determines the relationship between variables

Question 10

Correlations help us describe the ____ and ____ of the relationship between two variables

Answer 10

Strength; direction

Question 11

Experimental:

Answer 11

The controlled manipulation of variables to show cause and effect

Question 12

The most commonly used experimental designs are:

Answer 12

Group designs

Question 13

An experimental design that compares large ____ of Ps to determine the effects of I.V.s on D.V.s is known as

Answer 13

Group designs

Question 14

What is the procedure in conducting a group design?

Answer 14

Randomly Assign Ps to groups: some experimental, some control.

Question 15

What experimental design uses fewer Ps (not divided into groups) to determine IV on DV?

Answer 15

Single subject designs

Question 16

How do you conduct a single subject designs?

Answer 16

Take a baseline of the DV, then apply the IV and measure the DV again

Question 17

How can you determine whether the IV has changed the DV in single subject designs? (design)

Answer 17

Using a reversal design (ABAB)

Question 18

How does an ABAB design show the effect of the IV on the DV?

Answer 18

Systematically removes the IV, which returns the behaviour to the baseline. If the behavioural change lessens then increases.

Question 19

multiple baseline design:

Answer 19

Design that shows the effect of the IV by staggering its implementation across people, settings or behaviours

Question 20

Give an example of a situation in which the reversal-replication design cannot be used

Answer 20

Where self harming is concerned
When the behaviour has been ‘trapped’
When the learned behaviour is permanent

Question 21

In a multiple-baseline-across-behaviour design the researcher…

Answer 21

Records baselines across several behaviours and introduces behaviours sequentially across these behaviours

Question 22

Give 3 limitations to a multiple-baseline-across-behaviour design

Answer 22

•behaviour may not be independent: change across behaviour •may not find >1 suitable behaviour •if procedure used on 1 person then internal validity applies only to them

Question 23

In a multiple-baseline-across-situations design…

Answer 23

The researchers establishes baselines for behaviour across several situations an implementing treatment to each situation sequentially

Question 24

Give a limitation to multiple-baseline-across-situations

Answer 24

If stimulus generalisation across situations occurs behaviour will occur in situation it hasn’t been taught in

Question 25

In a multiple-baseline-across-people deign, the researcher…

Answer 25

Establishes baselines for different Ps then introduces treatment sequentially across people

Question 26

Give one advantage to multiple-baseline-across-people design

Answer 26

It convincingly demonstrates effect of IV on DV

Has ecological validity