Reinforcement Flashcards
What is the Premack principle?
Pairing a low probability behaviour with a behaviour that has a high rate of occurrence to increase it’s occurrence.
What is a Baseline phase?
The measure of a behaviour prior to a treatment programme.
What are the four basic consequences of behaviour?
- Positive reinforcement
- Negative reinforcement
- Positive punishment
- Negative punishment
What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?
Positive - addition of a stimulus
Negative - removal of a stimulus
What are operant behaviours/responses?
Behaviours that generate a response from the environment and are in turn influenced be the environment
Identify three factors that influence the effectiveness of operant conditioning.
- Specifically identify the behaviour
- Choose suitable reinforcers
- Immediacy
Matching law
Try to ensure magnitude of reinforcer matches effort required to perform behaviour
Satiation
When a reinforcer is too large or is presented too often the individual will no longer desire that stimulus and it value as a reinforcer is lost
Deprivation
The length of time deprived of a reinforcer.
What are motivating operations?
Events that:
• temporarily alter the effects of a stimulus to function as a reinforcer
• altar the frequency of behaviour reinforced by stimulus
What are the two types of motivating operations?
Establishing operations - makes stimuli more likely to reinforce
Abolishing operations - makes stimuli less likely to reinforce
What are contingent/noncontingent reinforcers?
Contingent - when a reinforcer immediately fills behaviour.
Noncontingent - when the reinforcer is presented regardless of the preceding behaviour
Dangers of delayed reinforcement:
The individual may have been performing an undesirable behaviour directly before reinforcement. Could unintentionally reinforce the bad behaviour
Adventitious Reinforcement
When a noncontingent reinforcer accidentally follows a behaviour, strengthening it even though there is no contingency
What are conditioned/secondary and unconditioned/primary reinforcers?
Unconditioned - reinforcers that are innate
Conditioned - stimuli that become reinforcers through being paired with backup reinforcers
