Respondent Conditioning Flashcards

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1
Q

E word for respondent behaviours

A

Elicited

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2
Q

Ivan Pavlov’s experiment

A

Was studying dog’s salivation to meat powder
Dogs began salivating when he entered the room, heard his footsteps
Used a metronome as the CS

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3
Q

Components of respondent conditioning

A

Unconditioned stimulus (US)
Unconditioned response (UR)
Neutral stimulus (NS)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Conditioned response (CR)

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4
Q

What is the unconditioned stimulus

A

Stimulus that naturally elicits a reflexive response, without any learning or conditioning
e.g. meat power

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5
Q

What is the unconditioned response

A

Reflexive response naturally elicited by an unconditioned stimulus
e.g. salivation

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6
Q

What is a neutral stimulus

A

Stimulus that has no effect on reflexive responses
e.g. metronome

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7
Q

What is a conditioned stimulus

A

Initially neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
e.g. metronome

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8
Q

What is a conditioned response

A

Response elicited by a conditioned stimulus
e.g. salivation to metronome

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9
Q

Respondent conditioning aka

A

classical, Pavlovian

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10
Q

Respondent conditioning entails..

A

manipulating stimuli that elicit reflexive responses

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11
Q

What is “conditioning”

A

Process of associating an NS with a US to form a CS

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12
Q

Conditional vs unconditional

A

Conditional = dependent on learning
Unconditional = reflexive; not dependent on learning

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13
Q

Temporal paradigms of classical conditioning

A

Trace conditioning: NS presented before US; no overlap in time
Delay conditioning: onset of NS before onset of US; both overlap in time
Simultaneous conditioning: NS and US presented at same time
Backward conditioning: US presented before NS

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14
Q

Definition of higher-order conditioning

A

If an NS is paired with an established CS a number of times, the NS becomes a CS that will then elicit the same CR

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15
Q

What are CERs

A

Conditioned emotional responses
Type of CR involving emotion (autonomic arousal)

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16
Q

What did Watson think CERs were the result of

A

Conditioning

17
Q

Describe Watson’s Little Albert experiment

A

Conditioned fear
When reached for rat, struck metal bar = cry
Repeat ^^ over multiple sessions
Escape response
Rabbit, dog, seal fur coat = cry (generalization)
Discriminated between other things (toys)

18
Q

What is respondent extinction

A

Repeated presentation of CS without the US causes weakening of CR

19
Q

What is spontaneous recovery

A

Presenting CS after extinction elicits a CR

20
Q

What factors influence the effectiveness of respondent conditioning

A

Nature of the US and the CS (high intensity US/high salience CS better)
Temporal relationship between NS and US (NS precedes, short interval)
Contingency between NS and US (occur together everytime)
Number of pairings of NS and US
Previous exposure to CS

21
Q

IF there are multiple NSs, what happens?

A

The one most consistently associated with the US produces a stronger association

22
Q

Respondent behaviours are ________ by a __ or __ vs operant behaviours are ________ by an __

A

elicited, CS or US
evoked by an S^D

23
Q

Respondent conditioning involves…
Operant conditioning involves…

A

Respondent involves pairing an NS to a US before a response
Operant involved consequences after a response

24
Q

Respondent vs operant extinction

A

R = CS presented without the US
O = reinforcement no longer occurs after behaviour

25
Q

How can respondent conditioning occur without close temporal proximity of the NS and US

A

Taste aversion
Eat something, throw up later, don’t like that food anymore (garcia effect)

26
Q

Generalization and discrimination in respondent conditioning

A

G = CS paired with US, similar stimuli never presented without the US, also cause CR
D = CS paired with US, similar stimuli presented without the US, no CR