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PSYCH 282 > Cognitive Behavioural Therapies > Flashcards

Cognitive Behavioural Therapies Flashcards

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1
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT) combine ___________ and _____________________ to help clients to….

A

cognitive and behavioural techniques
Understand problems, see patterns of irrational thought, evaluate beh based on rational thinking, teach skills to promote self-regulation

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2
Q

Cognitive processes include

A

thoughts
perceptions
beliefs
expectations
attributions
self-statements

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3
Q

Clinical depression involves…

A

Cognitions related to hopelessness, pessimism, and low self-esteem

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4
Q

Assumptions of cognitive restructuring therapies

A

People interpret and react to events in terms of their perceived significance
Cognitive deficiencies can cause emotional disorders

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5
Q

What do cognitive restructuring therapies do

A

Replace specific maladaptive cognitive behaviour with more adaptive ones
Changing faulty thinking patterns directly OR indirectly through overt behavioural interventions

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6
Q

What is rational-emotive behavioural therapy

A

Help individuals change irrational thoughts
A-B-C-D-E paradigm
Assumes irrational interpretations predict certain event will be unpleasant

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7
Q

What is the A-B-C-D-E paradigm

A

A = activating events occur
B = beliefs (our irrational interpretation of what event activation means)
C = consequences (beh, cognitive, emotional reactions to the event)
D = dispute (refute, challenge, question)
E = emotional relief (once irrationality is recognized)

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8
Q

What is a functional dispute in ABCDE

A

Ask yourself “is my irrational belief helping me or does it make things worse for me?”

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9
Q

What are the three main irrational beliefs

A
  1. I must do well and win approval of others or i am no good
  2. other ppl must treat me considerately, fairly and kindly, the way I want them to, or they are no good and deserve punishment
  3. I must get what i want, when i want it, and i must not get what i don’t want
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10
Q

Three procedures for modifying irrational beliefs

A
  1. Identifying thoughts based on irrational beliefs
  2. Challenging irrational beliefs
  3. Teaching client to replace thoughts based on irrational beliefs w thoughts based on rational beliefs
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11
Q

Effectiveness of REBT

A
  • Modest empirical support
  • Studies often poorly designed
  • Better than no-treatment groups
  • Equally or less effective than other therapies
  • Confrontational
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12
Q

What is cognitive therapy (CT) trying to change

A

Faulty and negativistic thought patterns lead to behavioural and emotional problems

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13
Q

Types of cognitive restructuring therapies

A

Rational-emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)
Cognitive therapy (CT)

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14
Q

What are negative automatic thoughts

A

Maladaptive (irrational) cognitions are automatically generated by distorted stored beliefs

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15
Q

What are some common cognitive distortions in CT (6)

A

Selective abstraction
Personalization
Overgeneralization
Magnification
Minimization
Arbitrary inference

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16
Q

What is selective abstraction, e.g.

A

Attending to a particular detail while ignoring the overall context
e.g. friend does not talk to you (they were late) so you feel rejected

17
Q

What is personalization, e.g

A

Erroneously attributing an external event to yourself
e.g. ppl are laughing, believe they’re laughing at you

18
Q

What is overgeneralization, e.g.

A

Drawing an overly general conclusion based on a single incident
e.g. fail at painting landscape, believe you will never be able to paint anything

19
Q

What is magnification, e.g.

A

Exaggerating the meaning or impact of an adverse event
e.g. paper has corrections, you think you will fail course

20
Q

What is minimization, e.g.

A

Downplaying the meaning or impact of a beneficial event
e.g. scoring winning goal, thinking it was luck

21
Q

What is arbitrary inference

A

Drawing inaccurate conclusions based on insufficient, ambiguous, or contrary evidence
e.g. believing you were laid off due to incompetence but company closed

22
Q

What is collaborative empiricism

A

Used in CT
Collaborative approach between client and therapist, using hypothesis testing approach to evaluate beliefs

23
Q

Effectiveness of CT

A
  • Effective, durable in treating depression
  • Least likely to work w severe depression
  • Promising effectiveness on anxiety, personality disorders, substance abuse
24
Q

Assumptions and focus of cognitive coping skills training

A

Assume some problems are maintained by a deficit of adaptive cognitions
Designed to teach new cognitive behaviours that are then used to promote other desirable behaviours (thinking skills)

25
Q

Types of cognitive coping skills training

A

Self-instructional training
Stress inoculation training

26
Q

What kind of beh skills training can be used to teach self instruction

A
  1. Instructions: give strategy
  2. Modeling: model performs task using self-instructions
  3. Rehearsal: practice task while verbalizing instructions out loud, instructions faded
  4. Feedback: performance evaluated, praise/reinforces given
27
Q

Self-instructional training initially developed to…

A

Treat impulsive children’s beh

28
Q

Effectiveness of self-instructional training

A
  • Less success w social anxiety and personality disorders
  • Primarily used in children, can also be used in adolescents, adults, ppl with intellectual disabilities
29
Q

What is stress inoculation training

A

Teaches cognitive skills that allow client to deal with stressful events

30
Q

Steps for stress inoculation training

A
  1. Conceptualization phase: focus on nature of stress
  2. Skills acquisition/rehearsal phase: teach skills such as progressive muscle relaxation, desensitization, coping statements
  3. Application and follow through phase: practice, transition to real-world application (model, roleplay)
31
Q

Effectiveness of stress inoculation training

A
  • Components (relaxation, modeling, desensitization) have been validated independently
  • is as effective as components
32
Q

Future challenges of beh modification

A
  • enhancing the image of the field
  • close gap between research and practice
  • integrating therapy approaches (medication+beh approaches)
  • improvements (research, cost-benefit ratios, systemic racism)

PSYCH 282 (22 decks)

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