Prompting & Transfer of Stimulus Control

Question 1

Definition of prompting

Answer 1

Giving stimuli before or during performance of a behaviour to increase the likelihood that a person will engage in the target behaviour at the correct time

Question 2

Prompts supplement..

Answer 2

The normal S^D or modify it to make it more salient

Question 3

Types of prompts

Answer 3

Response prompt
Stimulus prompt

Question 4

What is a response prompt

Answer 4

Behaviour of another person that evokes the target behaviour from the target person when S^D is also present; prompts may vary in intrusiveness

Question 5

Types of response prompts

Answer 5

1. Verbal prompt: instructions, commands, spoken to guide/direct
2. Gestural prompt: physical movement indicating how, where, what beh
3. Modeling prompt: demonstration of the entire target behaviour by another person
4. Physical guidance prompt: another person physically assists in execution of beh
5. Three-step prompting: use prompts progressively, verbal->modeling->physical guidance

Question 6

What is stimulus prompt

Answer 6

S^D is changed (within-stimulus), or stimulus is added (extra-stimulus) or removed to encourage the target beh

Question 7

extra vs within stimulus prompt

Answer 7

1. Within stimulus prompt: involves changing the S^D in some way (size, intensity, location)
2. Extra-stimulus prompt: adding a stimulus to the S^D

Question 8

Picture vs auditory vs environmental prompt

Answer 8

1. photos or drawings
2. sounds other than words
3. alterations or additions to physical surroundings in which the S^D is present

Question 9

Definition of transfer of stimulus control

Answer 9

Prompts are faded, reduced or eliminated so that the target behaviour occurs to the normal S^D alone; beh continues to be reinforced

Question 10

What is fading

Answer 10

Gradual elimination of prompting so that eventually it is no longer needed; stimulus control transferred from prompt to S^D

Question 11

Types of fading

Answer 11

Response prompt fading
Graduated guidance
Stimulus prompt fading

Question 12

What is response prompt fading? AKA?

Answer 12

Response prompt is gradually lessened
AKA prompt fading

Question 13

Types of response prompt fading

Answer 13

1. Fading within prompt: same prompt used, decrease in magnitude
2. Fading across prompts: prompt is changed, according to a prompting hierarchy

Question 14

Types of fading across prompts

Answer 14

1. Most-to-least prompting and fading (decreasing assistance): prompts change from more intrusive to less intrusive
2. Least-to-most prompting and fading (increasing assistance/system of least prompts): prompts change from less intrusive to more intrusive until beh performed

Question 15

Example of most-to-least prompting and fading

Answer 15

Physical guidance -> modeling -> gestural -> verbal

Question 16

Describe least-to-most prompt fading

Answer 16

Start with least intrusive
Provide more intrusive IF REQUIRED in the same session

Question 17

What is graduated guidance

Answer 17

Used in fading physical guidance prompts; teacher provides as much physical guidance as required, then gradually reduces it

Question 18

Types of graduated guidance

Answer 18

1. Shadowing: teacher’s hand follows learner’s movement without contact
2. Spatial fading: focus of guidance changes from fingers to hand to wrist to elbow etc

Question 19

What is stimulus prompt fading? AKA?

Answer 19

Stimulus prompt is decreased in magnitude or frequency
AKA stimulus fading

Question 20

What is prompt delay

Answer 20

Present S^D. wait a certain number of seconds, and if target beh does not occur, provide the prompt

Question 21

Seven steps of prompting and transfer of stimulus control

Answer 21

1. Chose most appropriate prompting strategy
2. Get learner’s attention (S^D more salient)
3. always present the S^D to start learning trial
4. Prompt correct response if S^D does not evoke it
5. Reinforce correct behaviour
6. Transfer stimulus control
7. Continue to reinforce unprompted responses

Question 22

When are response prompts most useful? Stimulus prompts?

Answer 22

Response = helping person learn specific action or sequence of actions e.g. tying shoelace
Stimulus = helping person learn to discriminate stimuli e.g. letters of the alphabet

Question 23

When are prompts given

Answer 23

Before or during performance of a beh

Question 24

Rank response prompts from least to most intrusive

Answer 24

(least) verbal < gestural < modeling < physical (most)

Question 25

When would prompting and transfer of stimulus control not be useful

Answer 25

If the person has exhibited the correct behaviour in the correct situation in the past but now refuses to do it (won’t do instead of can’t do)

Question 26

Types of stimulus prompts

Answer 26

Within vs extra stimulus

Picture, auditory or environmental prompts