Generalization and Maintenance

Question 1

Definition of generalization

Answer 1

Beh that occurs in the presence of an S^D that is similar to that used in training; beh change exists beyond the training program

Question 2

Three kinds of generalization

Answer 2

1. Response maintenance: extension of beh change over time, after the program is no longer in effect
2. Transfer of beh across situations and settings: beh change takes place in new/different settings and circumstances
3. Response generalization: altering one beh leads to similar changes in another, unaddressed response (may be similar to target beh)

Question 3

Three categories of generalization strategies

Answer 3

1. Exploit natural contingencies: antecedents and consequences affected target beh naturally
2. Train diversely: allow variations in the antecedent stimuli, responses and consequences employed im modification procedure
3. Incorporate functional mediators: stimulus that occurs btw training and generalization, facilitates or promotes generalization

Question 4

How do we reinforce generalization

Answer 4

Provide reinforcement when target behaviour is performed outside training situation

Question 5

What is a behavioural trap

Answer 5

Behaviour that has been developed by programmed reinforcers is “trapped” (i.e. maintained) by natural reinforcers

Question 6

Steps in setting a behavioural trap (5)

Answer 6

1. Identify your prey (target beh)
2. Find some powerful bait (what does the person like)
3. Set the trap
4. Maintain your trap line (gradually progress to more complex beh)
5. Appraise your catch (assess changes in beh, make modifications if ineffective)

Question 7

How can thinning the schedule of reinforcement promote maintenance

Answer 7

Switch from continuous to intermittent schedule
Gradually decrease freq of reinforcement
They become more independent

Question 8

Generalization by expanding stimulus control

Answer 8

Narrow range of S^Ds often used in training, generalization may not occur if diff SD is introduced
Use wide range of relevant stimulus situations in training

Question 9

What is in situ training

Answer 9

Training occurs in the natural environment after an in situ assessment in which the person does not perform the target beh

Question 10

Explain teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses

Answer 10

Response class
Each response serves the same function; that is; it leads to the same outcome or consequences

Question 11

What is general case training

Answer 11

Use range of antecedents and responses
Goal or target beh occurs beyond the training situation

Question 12

How to promote general case training

Answer 12

During training, present a sufficient variety of members of a stimulus class (antecedents) to ensure person can perform task
Teach learner to apply functionally equivalent responses

Question 13

What is a mediator

Answer 13

Stimulus that occurs between training and generalization, and facilitates or promotes generalization

Question 14

Four steps to implementing generalization strategies

Answer 14

1. identify the target stimulus situations for the be
2. identify natural contingencies of reinforcement for the beh
3. implement appropriate strategies to promote generalization
4. measure generalization of beh change

Question 15

What is a booster program

Answer 15

Additional intervention sessions carried out to restore the original program’s training

Question 16

What are generalization probes

Answer 16

Trials that check whether the person performs the beh with relevant, natural antecedents/contexts

Question 17

Review specific strategies for generalization

Answer 17

Do it