Respiratory13 Flashcards
Pharmacology - Asthma Drugs
1
Q
Bronchoconstriction in Asthma is mediated by which two pathways.
A
Inflammatory process
Parasympathetic tone
2
Q
What are the 6 classes of Asthma drugs?
A
B2-agonists Methylxanthines Muscarinic antagonists Corticosteroids Antileukotrienes Omalizumab
3
Q
What are the B2-agonists?
A
Albuterol
Salmeterol, Formoterol
4
Q
Albuterol.
- MOA
- Use
A
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta2)
Acute exacerbation
5
Q
Salmeterol & formoterol.
- Use
- Adverse effects
A
Long-acting agents for prophylaxis
Adverse effects:
- Tremor
- Arrhythmia
6
Q
Methylxanthines.
- Drug
- MOA
- Adverse effects
A
- Theophylline
- Inhibits phosphodiesterase -> DEcrease cAMP hydrolysis -> Bronchodilation
*Blocks action of Adenosine
Adverse effects:
- Cardiotoxicity, Neurotoxicity
- Narrow therapeutic index (metabolize by P-450)
7
Q
Muscarinic Antagonists.
- Drugs
- MOA
- Other uses
A
- Ipratropium
- competitive block of muscarinic receptors-> Prevents bronchoconstriction
*Also used for COPD
(Tiotropium – long-acting muscarinic antagonist – COPD)
8
Q
Corticosteroids.
- Drugs
- MOA
A
- Beclomethasone & Fluticasone
- Inactivate NF-kB (TF that induces production of TNF-a) -> Inhibits virtually ALL cytokines
*1st line therapy for Chronic Asthma
9
Q
Antiluekotrienes – 2 MOAs.
A
Block leukotriene receptors - Montelukast - Zafirlukast 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor - Zileuton
10
Q
Montelukast & zafirlukast.
- MOA
- Use
A
- Block Leukotriene receptors
- Aspirin-induced asthma
11
Q
Zileuton.
- MOA
A
5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor
Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriens
12
Q
Monoclonal Ab.
- Drug
- MOA
- Use
A
- Omalizumab
- Anti-IgE Ab -> binds unbound serum IgE
- Allergic asthma RESISTANT to inhaled steroids & long-acting B2-agonist
