Respiratory11 Flashcards
Pneumonia Lung Abscess Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Common organisms causing Lobar Pneumonia.
S. pneumoniae (Most common)
Klebsiella
Common organisms causing Bronchopneumonia.
S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
H. influenzae
Klebsiella
Common organisms causing Interstitial (atypical) Pneumonia.
Viruses (influenza, RSV, adenoviruses)
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia
Characteristics of Lobar pneumonia.
Intra-alveolar exudate –> Consolidation
*may involve entire lung
Characteristics of Bronchopneumonia.
Acute inflammatory infiltrates from Bronchioles into adjacent alveoli
Patchy distribution involving >/= 1 lobe
Characteristics of Interstitial (atypical) pneumonia.
Diffuse patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas at Alveolar walls
Distribution involving >/= 1 lobe
Generally follows an Indolent course
Localized collection of pus within parenchyma.
Lung abscess
Causes of lung abscess.
Bronchial obstruction
- ie. cancer
Aspiration of oropharyngeal contents
- pts predisposed to loss of consciousness (ie. alcoholic or epileptics)
CXR of lung abscess.
Air-fluid levels
Common organisms causing lung abscess.
S. aureus
Anaerobes
- Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus
Pathology & Symptoms of Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Mixed type III/IV hypersensitivity rxn to environmental Ag
Dyspnea, cough, chest tightness, HA
Who is most susceptible to Hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
Farmers & those exposed to Birds
Pleural effusions:
- Transudate - ___ protein content
- Exudate - ___ protein content
Transudate - Little/NO protein content, Clear
Exudate - INcreased protein content, Cloudy
Causes of Transudate Pleural Effusion. (3)
CHF
Nephrotic syndrome
Hepatic cirrhosis
Causes of Exudate Pleural Effusion. (4)
Malignancy
Pneumonia
Collagen vascular disease
Trauma (occurs in states of INcreased vascular permeability)
*MUST BE DRAINED in light of risk of infection
A lymphatic pleural effusion is also known as.
Chylothorax
Cause of Lymphatic Pleural Effusion (AKA Chylothorax).
Thoracic Duct Injury
- Trauma
- Malignancy
What is there an increased amount of in a Lymphatic Pleural Effusion?
Triglycerides
*Milky-appearing fluid
Symptoms of a Pneumothorax.
Unilateral Chest Pain
Dyspnea
Unilateral Chest Expansion
Types of Pneumothorax.
Spontaneous & Tension
Accumulation of Air in the Pleural space.
Spontaneous pneumothorax
*Trachea deviates Toward lesion
Spontaneous pneumothorax are more likely in what people?
Tall, Thin, Males –> Rupture of Apical Blebs
T/F - In a tension pneumothorax, air is capable of entering the pleural space but not exiting.
True
Tension pneumothorax typically occurs in what settings?
Trauma or Lung infection
The trachea deviates ______ from affected lung in a Tension pneumothorax.
AWAY
