Respiratory11

Question 1

Common organisms causing Lobar Pneumonia.

Answer 1

S. pneumoniae (Most common)

Klebsiella

Question 2

Common organisms causing Bronchopneumonia.

Answer 2

S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
H. influenzae
Klebsiella

Question 3

Common organisms causing Interstitial (atypical) Pneumonia.

Answer 3

Viruses (influenza, RSV, adenoviruses)
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia

Question 4

Characteristics of Lobar pneumonia.

Answer 4

Intra-alveolar exudate –> Consolidation

*may involve entire lung

Question 5

Characteristics of Bronchopneumonia.

Answer 5

Acute inflammatory infiltrates from Bronchioles into adjacent alveoli

Patchy distribution involving >/= 1 lobe

Question 6

Characteristics of Interstitial (atypical) pneumonia.

Answer 6

Diffuse patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas at Alveolar walls

Distribution involving >/= 1 lobe

Generally follows an Indolent course

Question 7

Localized collection of pus within parenchyma.

Answer 7

Lung abscess

Question 8

Causes of lung abscess.

Answer 8

Bronchial obstruction
- ie. cancer
Aspiration of oropharyngeal contents
- pts predisposed to loss of consciousness (ie. alcoholic or epileptics)

Question 9

CXR of lung abscess.

Answer 9

Air-fluid levels

Question 10

Common organisms causing lung abscess.

Answer 10

S. aureus
Anaerobes
- Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus

Question 11

Pathology & Symptoms of Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Answer 11

Mixed type III/IV hypersensitivity rxn to environmental Ag

Dyspnea, cough, chest tightness, HA

Question 12

Who is most susceptible to Hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

Answer 12

Farmers & those exposed to Birds

Question 13

Pleural effusions:

• Transudate - ___ protein content
• Exudate - ___ protein content

Answer 13

Transudate - Little/NO protein content, Clear

Exudate - INcreased protein content, Cloudy

Question 14

Causes of Transudate Pleural Effusion. (3)

Answer 14

CHF
Nephrotic syndrome
Hepatic cirrhosis

Question 15

Causes of Exudate Pleural Effusion. (4)

Answer 15

Malignancy
Pneumonia
Collagen vascular disease
Trauma (occurs in states of INcreased vascular permeability)

*MUST BE DRAINED in light of risk of infection

Question 16

A lymphatic pleural effusion is also known as.

Answer 16

Chylothorax

Question 17

Cause of Lymphatic Pleural Effusion (AKA Chylothorax).

Answer 17

Thoracic Duct Injury

• Trauma
• Malignancy

Question 18

What is there an increased amount of in a Lymphatic Pleural Effusion?

Answer 18

Triglycerides

*Milky-appearing fluid

Question 19

Symptoms of a Pneumothorax.

Answer 19

Unilateral Chest Pain
Dyspnea
Unilateral Chest Expansion

Question 20

Types of Pneumothorax.

Answer 20

Spontaneous & Tension

Question 21

Accumulation of Air in the Pleural space.

Answer 21

Spontaneous pneumothorax

*Trachea deviates Toward lesion

Question 22

Spontaneous pneumothorax are more likely in what people?

Answer 22

Tall, Thin, Males –> Rupture of Apical Blebs

Question 23

T/F - In a tension pneumothorax, air is capable of entering the pleural space but not exiting.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Tension pneumothorax typically occurs in what settings?

Answer 24

Trauma or Lung infection

Question 25

The trachea deviates ______ from affected lung in a Tension pneumothorax.

Answer 25

AWAY