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Human Biology 175 > Respiratory & Urinary Systems > Flashcards

Respiratory & Urinary Systems Flashcards

0
Q

Lower Respiratory System?

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs.

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1
Q

Upper Respiratory System?

A

Nose, pharynx.

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2
Q

Conduction Portion?

A

Tubes (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi).

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3
Q

Respiratory Portion?

A

Lung tissue with gas exchange.

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4
Q

Nasopharynx?

A

Upper pharynx, pharyngeal tonsils, Eustachian tubes.

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5
Q

Oropharynx?

A

Middle pharynx, palatine & lingual tonsils.

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6
Q

Laryngopharynx?

A

Lower pharynx, connects to esophagus & trachea.

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7
Q

True Vocal Cords?

A

Elastic ligament, vibrate sound waves, increase in pressure, increase in volume of sound.

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8
Q

Pitch?

A

Tension in cords, more taut gives higher pitch, thicker &I longer in males.

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9
Q

Trachea?

A

Air pipe, cartilage rings, cilia.

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10
Q

Parietal Pleural?

A

Lines cavity lungs are in.

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11
Q

Visceral Pleura?

A

Cover the lungs themselves.

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12
Q

Pleural Cavity?

A

Space between parietal and visceral pleura.

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13
Q

The Lungs - Base?

A

Bottom of lungs.

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14
Q

The Lungs - Apex?

A

Tops of lungs.

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15
Q

The Lungs - Hilus?

A

Where bronchi enter the lungs.

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16
Q

The Lungs - Fissures?

A

Separate the lobes of lungs.

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17
Q

The Lungs - Lobes?

A

Different regions of lung, 3 on right, 2 on left side.

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18
Q

Surfactant?

A

Lubricant, prevents lungs from adhering to themselves, develops at 36 weeks in fetus.

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19
Q

Respiratory Membrane?

A

Walk of alveoli is simple squamous, one side is capillary and the other side is alveoli for easy gas exchange.

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20
Q

Inspiration?

A

Inhale, breath in.

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21
Q

Expiration?

A

Exhale, breath out.

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22
Q

Quiet Inspiration Muscles?

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals.

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24
Q

Quiet Expiration Muscles?

A

Passive - by elastic recoil.

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25
Q

Forced Expiration Muscle?

A

Internal intercostals, external obliques, internal obliques, transverse abdominus, rectus abdominus.

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26
Q

Tidal Volume?

A

Volume of 1 breath, 600mL.

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27
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume?

A

Additional air inhale after normal inhalation.

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28
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume?

A

Forced exhale volume.

29
Q

Residual Volume?

A

Volume left over after forced expiration.

30
Q

Total Lung Capacity?

A

Total volume lungs can hold, about 6L.

31
Q

Partial Pressure?

A

P (total) = P1 + P2 + P3

32
Q

Boyles Law?

A

P = 1 / Volume

33
Q

Oxygen Transport?

A

Hb + oxygen Hb - oxygen, Hemoglobin binds & releases oxygen.

34
Q

Carbon Dioxide?

A

Increases in this gas cause oxygen to be release from Hb more readily.

35
Q

Acidity?

A

Decrease in pH cause oxygen to be release more readily.

36
Q

Temperature?

A

Increase in temperature causes oxygen to be released more readily.

37
Q

Carbon Monoxide?

A

Binds to hemoglobin 200X more strongly than oxygen.

38
Q

Carbon Dioxide Transport?

A

Hb + carbon dioxide Hb carbon dioxide

39
Q

Dissolve Carbon Dioxide?

A

Dissolved carbon dioxide travels in plasma to lungs & is exhaled.

40
Q

Amino Acids?

A

Carbon dioxide can travel on amino acids other than Hb.

41
Q

Bicarbonate?

A

Carbon dioxide can travel as bicarbonate ion to the lungs.

42
Q

Pain?

A

Visceral pain decreases rate, sudden/ severe pain leads to brief apnea, prolonged somatic pain increase rate.

43
Q

Inflation Reflex?

A

Stretch receptors are overstretched inhibit inflammation.

44
Q

Renal Capsule?

A

Covers the outside of the kidney.

45
Q

Renal Cortex?

A

Outer portion of the kidney.

46
Q

Renal Medulla?

A

Inner portion of the kidney.

47
Q

Renal Pyramids?

A

Pyramid shaped structure in kidney.

48
Q

Renal Columns?

A

Space between the renal pyramids.

49
Q

Renal Pelvis?

A

Center area of the kidney where nephrons drain.

50
Q

Major Chalices?

A

Drain the minor calyces.

51
Q

Glomerulus?

A

Filters the blood going into the nephron, initial filtering makes glomerular filtrate.

52
Q

Peritubular Capillaries?

A

Surround the loop of Henle in the nephron for tubular reabsorption.

53
Q

Nephrons?

A

Main functional unit of the kidney.

54
Q

Renal Corpuscles?

A

The glomerulus & capsule around it.

55
Q

Renal Tubule?

A

Carries the glomerular filtrate after it leaves the glomerulus, tube changed name along the way.

56
Q

Glomerular Filtrate?

A

The filtered plasma after it has passed through the glomerulus.

57
Q

Bowman’s Capsule?

A

Structure around the glomerulus.

58
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule?

A

The closest region to the glomerulus where the renal tubule begins to take a curvy route.

59
Q

Loop of Henle?

A

Portion of the renal tubule that extends down into the renal pyramid, is surrounded by the peri tubular capillaries.

60
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubule?

A

The portion of renal tubule furthest from the glomerulus, takes a curvy route.

61
Q

Collecting Duct?

A

Drains the filtering fluid from the distal convoluted tubule, which is now urine, and carries it down to the calyces the renal pelvis.

62
Q

Glomerular Filtration?

A

Initial filtration, removes cells & larger molecules from plasma.

63
Q

Urine?

A

Fluid formed after passing though the nephron, pale straw colored, translucent.

64
Q

Urether?

A

Drains kidneys into the urinary bladder.

65
Q

Micturition?

A

Process of urination.

66
Q

External Urethral Orifice/ Sphincter?

A

Open from urethra to external body, sphincter (muscle) under voluntary control.

67
Q

Internal Urethral Orifice/ Sphincter?

A

Opening from the urethra to the urinary bladder, sphincter (muscle) under autonomic control.

68
Q

Forced Inspiration Muscles?

A

SCM (sternocleidomastoid), scalenes, pectoralis minor.

Human Biology 175 (10 decks)

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