Circulatory System Flashcards
Plasma?
55% of total blood.
Hematocrit?
% of total blood volume occupied by RBCs.
Albumins?
54% of protein
Formed Elements?
45% of total blood.
Granulocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.
Neutrophils/ PMN?
60-70% of WBC.
Hemopoiesis/ Hematopoietic?
Process of developing formed elements.
Red Marrow?
Vascularized connective tissue in spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone.
Pluripotent Stem Cell?
Have the capacity to form into several types of cells.
Myeloid Stem Cell?
Develop in red marrow RBC, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, PMN, or monocytes.
Lymphoid Stem Cell?
Incomplete development in red marrow lymphoid tissue, B & T lymphocytes.
Hemoglobin?
Pigment, carries oxygen.
EPO (erythropoietin) (procrit - drug)?
Hormone made by kidneys -> red marrow -> stimulates erythropoiesis.
Neutrophils?
Phagocytosis w/ lysozyme, destroy bacteria.
Eosinophils?
Work w/ histamine, parasitic worms, allergies.
Basophils?
Release histamine & other chemicals for inflammation, on allergic reactions.
B Cells?
Plasma cells & memory B cell, abformation.
T Cells?
Helps promote immune function or cytotoxic.
Tc?
Kills entire cell.
Th1?
Promotes infection, response.
Th2?
Promoted allergic/ hypersensitivity response.
NK Cells?
Target cancer cells & microbes.
MHC (Major Histocompatability Complex)?
Proteins for identifying self cells.
Heart - Base?
Top side, flat.
Heart - Apex?
Point, bottom left.
Heart - Ventricles?
2 lower chambers, exit.
Heart - Atria?
2 upper chambers, entrance.
Pericardium?
Membrane surrounding heart cavity, holds in place.
Fibrous Pericardium?
Outer, tougher part, protective.
Serous Pericardium?
Inner, thinner, more delicate.
Parietal Layer?
Outer membrane forms sac around organ (heart) (pericardium).
Visceral Layer?
Inner membrane, adheres directly to organ (heart) (epicardium).
Epicardium?
Visceral layer, adhered to heart.
Epicardium - the heart wall
Outer membrane.
Foramen Ovale?
Opening in fetal heart that closes after birth, in interventricular septum.
Superior & Inferior Vena Cava?
Drain deoxygenated blood from body into R. atria.
Coronary Sinus?
Drains deoxy. blood from heart tissue, carry deoxy. blood to hear.
Pulmonary Trunk?
Carries deoxy. blood from heart to lungs.
Pulmonary Arteries?
Spilt from pulmonary trunk to go to R & L lungs.
Pulmonary Veins?
Carries oxygenated blood from lungs back to heart.
Ascending Aorta?
Carries oxygenated blood from heart to body.
Chordae Tendinae?
Prevent valves from opening backwards, in ventricles.
Papillary Muscle?
Connects chordae tendinae to projections in cardiac muscle.
Anastamosis?
Connections from branches of arteries to provide alternate routes for blood flow.
Systole?
Contraction phase.
Diastole?
Relaxation phase.
P Wave?
Atrial depolarization (.1 sec).
QRS Complex?
Onset of ventricular depolarization (.3 sec).
T Wave?
Ventricular repolarization (.4 sec).
Cardiac Output?
CO = SV x HR
Blood Pressure?
BP = SV x HR x TPR
Elastic Artery?
Larger diameter - have more elastic fibers in middle layer.
Muscular Artery?
Medium & small arteries, more muscle in middle layer, allows greater ability to vasodilate & vasoconstrict vessels & adjust blood flow.
Valves?
Prevent backflow, continuous with endothelium.
Venous Return?
Very little muscle in vessels, relies on contraction of heart, pedal pump & respiratory pump.
Pedal Pump or Skeletal Muscle Pump?
As skeletal muscle contracts, it places pressure on the veins to squeeze blood through.
Respiratory Pump?
As lungs expand, places pressure on veins to squeeze blood through.
Vascular Resistance?
Opposition of vessels to flow of blood.
Size of Lumen?
Decrease in size, increase in pressure
Blood Viscosity?
Resistance to flow.
Vessel Length?
Longer vessels, increase in pressure to move fluid.
Hepatic Portal Circulation?
Systemic circulation makes a detour from intestines to the liver to process fats, toxins, and nutrients - then returns to the heart with the remaining circulation.
