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Human Biology 175 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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0
Q

Plasma?

A

55% of total blood.

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1
Q

Hematocrit?

A

% of total blood volume occupied by RBCs.

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2
Q

Albumins?

A

54% of protein

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3
Q

Formed Elements?

A

45% of total blood.

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4
Q

Granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.

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5
Q

Neutrophils/ PMN?

A

60-70% of WBC.

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6
Q

Hemopoiesis/ Hematopoietic?

A

Process of developing formed elements.

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7
Q

Red Marrow?

A

Vascularized connective tissue in spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone.

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8
Q

Pluripotent Stem Cell?

A

Have the capacity to form into several types of cells.

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9
Q

Myeloid Stem Cell?

A

Develop in red marrow RBC, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, PMN, or monocytes.

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10
Q

Lymphoid Stem Cell?

A

Incomplete development in red marrow lymphoid tissue, B & T lymphocytes.

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11
Q

Hemoglobin?

A

Pigment, carries oxygen.

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12
Q

EPO (erythropoietin) (procrit - drug)?

A

Hormone made by kidneys -> red marrow -> stimulates erythropoiesis.

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13
Q

Neutrophils?

A

Phagocytosis w/ lysozyme, destroy bacteria.

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14
Q

Eosinophils?

A

Work w/ histamine, parasitic worms, allergies.

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15
Q

Basophils?

A

Release histamine & other chemicals for inflammation, on allergic reactions.

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16
Q

B Cells?

A

Plasma cells & memory B cell, abformation.

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17
Q

T Cells?

A

Helps promote immune function or cytotoxic.

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18
Q

Tc?

A

Kills entire cell.

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19
Q

Th1?

A

Promotes infection, response.

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20
Q

Th2?

A

Promoted allergic/ hypersensitivity response.

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21
Q

NK Cells?

A

Target cancer cells & microbes.

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22
Q

MHC (Major Histocompatability Complex)?

A

Proteins for identifying self cells.

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23
Q

Heart - Base?

A

Top side, flat.

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24
Q

Heart - Apex?

A

Point, bottom left.

25
Q

Heart - Ventricles?

A

2 lower chambers, exit.

26
Q

Heart - Atria?

A

2 upper chambers, entrance.

27
Q

Pericardium?

A

Membrane surrounding heart cavity, holds in place.

28
Q

Fibrous Pericardium?

A

Outer, tougher part, protective.

29
Q

Serous Pericardium?

A

Inner, thinner, more delicate.

30
Q

Parietal Layer?

A

Outer membrane forms sac around organ (heart) (pericardium).

31
Q

Visceral Layer?

A

Inner membrane, adheres directly to organ (heart) (epicardium).

32
Q

Epicardium?

A

Visceral layer, adhered to heart.

33
Q

Epicardium - the heart wall

A

Outer membrane.

34
Q

Foramen Ovale?

A

Opening in fetal heart that closes after birth, in interventricular septum.

35
Q

Superior & Inferior Vena Cava?

A

Drain deoxygenated blood from body into R. atria.

36
Q

Coronary Sinus?

A

Drains deoxy. blood from heart tissue, carry deoxy. blood to hear.

37
Q

Pulmonary Trunk?

A

Carries deoxy. blood from heart to lungs.

38
Q

Pulmonary Arteries?

A

Spilt from pulmonary trunk to go to R & L lungs.

39
Q

Pulmonary Veins?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs back to heart.

40
Q

Ascending Aorta?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from heart to body.

41
Q

Chordae Tendinae?

A

Prevent valves from opening backwards, in ventricles.

42
Q

Papillary Muscle?

A

Connects chordae tendinae to projections in cardiac muscle.

43
Q

Anastamosis?

A

Connections from branches of arteries to provide alternate routes for blood flow.

44
Q

Systole?

A

Contraction phase.

45
Q

Diastole?

A

Relaxation phase.

46
Q

P Wave?

A

Atrial depolarization (.1 sec).

47
Q

QRS Complex?

A

Onset of ventricular depolarization (.3 sec).

48
Q

T Wave?

A

Ventricular repolarization (.4 sec).

49
Q

Cardiac Output?

A

CO = SV x HR

50
Q

Blood Pressure?

A

BP = SV x HR x TPR

51
Q

Elastic Artery?

A

Larger diameter - have more elastic fibers in middle layer.

52
Q

Muscular Artery?

A

Medium & small arteries, more muscle in middle layer, allows greater ability to vasodilate & vasoconstrict vessels & adjust blood flow.

53
Q

Valves?

A

Prevent backflow, continuous with endothelium.

54
Q

Venous Return?

A

Very little muscle in vessels, relies on contraction of heart, pedal pump & respiratory pump.

55
Q

Pedal Pump or Skeletal Muscle Pump?

A

As skeletal muscle contracts, it places pressure on the veins to squeeze blood through.

56
Q

Respiratory Pump?

A

As lungs expand, places pressure on veins to squeeze blood through.

57
Q

Vascular Resistance?

A

Opposition of vessels to flow of blood.

58
Q

Size of Lumen?

A

Decrease in size, increase in pressure

59
Q

Blood Viscosity?

A

Resistance to flow.

60
Q

Vessel Length?

A

Longer vessels, increase in pressure to move fluid.

61
Q

Hepatic Portal Circulation?

A

Systemic circulation makes a detour from intestines to the liver to process fats, toxins, and nutrients - then returns to the heart with the remaining circulation.

Human Biology 175 (10 decks)

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