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Human Biology 175 > Nervous System Part 1 > Flashcards

Nervous System Part 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Dendrite?

A

Receiving end.

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1
Q

Cell Body?

A

Contains a nucleus.

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2
Q

Axon?

A

Sending end.

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3
Q

Synapse?

A

Site of communication.

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4
Q

Neuroglia?

A

Support, nourish, protect.

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5
Q

Myelin Sheath?

A

Fatty protective sheath around neuron, DHA.

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6
Q

Nodes of Ranvier?

A

Space between sections of myelin.

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7
Q

Schwann Cell?

A

Form the myelin sheath in the PNS, support cell.

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8
Q

Oligodendrocytes?

A

Myelinates CNS cells.

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9
Q

Gray Matter?

A

Unmyelinated.

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10
Q

White Matter?

A

Myelinated.

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11
Q

Resting Membrane Potential?

A

Voltage across plasma membrane, -70mV

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12
Q

Depolarization?

A

The coming together of separated charges across a membrane.

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13
Q

Repolarization?

A

The separating charged across a membrane.

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14
Q

All or None Principle?

A

As long as the depolarization is strong enough to depolarize to threshold, the Na+/K+ gates open and the action potential occurs, the peak is always the same.

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15
Q

Continuous Conduction?

A

Unmyelinated axons, slower.

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16
Q

Saltatory Conduction?

A

Leaping in myelinated axon, faster.

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17
Q

GABA?

A

Inhibitory.

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18
Q

Ach?

A

PSNS slows HR by release of Ach to inhibit sympathetic, cholinergic, cognitive functions & memory, digestive, saliva.

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19
Q

NE?

A

Arousal, dreams, moods, monoamine, sympathetic response, affected by MAOI’s.

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20
Q

Dopamine?

A

Emotional responses, addiction, pleasure, regulates skeletal m. tone, Parkinson’s disease, monoamine.

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21
Q

Serotonin?

A

Sensory perception, temperature regulation, mood, appetite, onset of sleep, made from tryptophan, hormone activity.

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22
Q

Endorphins?

A

Natural pain killers, euphoria, pleasure.

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23
Q

Sympathetic Trunk?

A

In thoracic spine, nerve that controls sympathetic response.

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24
Q

Craniosacral?

A

Nerves for parasympathetic control exit the spine in the cranial region and sacral region, use Ach as neurotransmitter.

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25
Q

Sympathetic Response?

A

Reacts to mental and physical stress.

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26
Q

Sympathetic Response- Pupils?

A

Dilated.

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27
Q

Sympathetic Response- Heart Rate?

A

Increase.

28
Q

Sympathetic Response- Blood Pressure?

A

Increase.

29
Q

Sympathetic Response- Airways?

A

Expand.

30
Q

Sympathetic Response- Blood Flow?

A

To skeletal muscle.

31
Q

Sympathetic Response- Liver?

A

Glycogen breakdown.

32
Q

Parasympathetic Response- Heart Rate?

A

Decreased.

33
Q

Parasympathetic Response- Blood Pressure?

A

Decreased.

34
Q

Parasympathetic Response- Lacrimal Glands?

A

Increase.

35
Q

Parasympathetic Response- Pancreas?

A

Increase.

36
Q

Parasympathetic Response- Liver?

A

Detoxification/ fat processing.

37
Q

Parasympathetic Response- Pupils?

A

Constrict.

38
Q

Parasympathetic Response- Digestion?

A

Increase.

39
Q

Parasympathetic Response- Bladder?

A

Urination.

40
Q

Parasympathetic Response- Blood Flow?

A

To digestive organs.

41
Q

Duramater?

A

Outer later, “hard mother”.

42
Q

Arachnoid Matter?

A

Middle layer, spider-web type arrangement.

43
Q

Pia Mater?

A

Delicate, innermost layer, sits directly on CNS.

44
Q

Cauda Equina?

A

Terminus of spinal cord, about L1.

45
Q

Ventral Horn?

A

Motor, exit anterior spinal cord.

46
Q

Dorsal Horn?

A

Sensory, exit posterior spinal cord.

47
Q

Ascending Tract?

A

From body to brain, sensory.

48
Q

Descending Tract?

A

From brain to body, motor.

49
Q

Nerve Pathway?

A

1) Called reflex in the PNS.

2) Called tract in the CNS.

50
Q

IVF?

A

Ntervertebral foramina, space where spinal nerves exits out through the spinal column.

51
Q

Plexus?

A

Recombination of nerves after they exit the spinal cord.

52
Q

Brainstem?

A

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain.

53
Q

Diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland.

54
Q

Cerebrum?

A

Entire area above brainstem & diencephalon.

55
Q

Cerebral Cortex?

A

Gray matter on the outside.

56
Q

Cerebellum?

A

Posterior to brainstem.

57
Q

CSF (Cerebral Spinal Fluid)?

A

Clear, carries oxygen, glucose, removes waste.

58
Q

Choroids Plexus?

A

Special capillary network in 4th ventricle for CSF production.

59
Q

Arachnoidvilli?

A

Fingerlike extension in arachnoid matter to absorb CSF back into blood.

60
Q

Superior Sagital Sinus?

A

Vein that drains majority of CSF from brain.

61
Q

Thalamus ?

A

Relay station, acquisition of knowledge, cognition, main consciousness.

62
Q

Hypothalamus- Control ANS?

A

Smooth & cardiac muscle.

63
Q

Hypothalamus- Pituitary?

A

Release of several hormones.

64
Q

Hypothalamus- Emotion & Behavior?

A

Rage, aggression, pain, pleasure, sex.

65
Q

Hypothalamus- Eating & Drinking?

A

Thirst (osmotic pressure), hunger.

66
Q

Hypothalamus- Body Temperature?

A

Directs blood flow.

67
Q

Hypothalamus- Circadian Rhythm?

A

Wake & sleep.

68
Q

Pineal Gland?

A

Melatonin & biorhythms, light inhibits production -> waking state, dark allows productions -> sleep state.

Human Biology 175 (10 decks)

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